Реферат: Aluminium

Element category other metal

Group, period, block 13, 3, p

Standard atomic weight 26.9815386(13) g·mol−1

Electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p1

Electrons per shell 2, 8, 3 (Image)

Physical properties

Phase solid

Density (near r.t.) 2.70 g·cm−3

Liquid density at m.p. 2.375 g·cm−3

Melting point 933.47 K, 660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F

Boiling point 2792 K, 2519 °C, 4566 °F

Heat of fusion 10.71 kJ·mol−1

Heat of vaporization 294.0 kJ·mol−1

Specific heat capacity (25 °C) 24.200 J·mol−1·K−1

Vapor pressure

P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k

at T/K 1482 1632 1817 2054 2364 2790

Atomic properties

Oxidation states 3, 2[1], 1[2]

(amphoteric oxide)

Electronegativity 1.61 (Pauling scale)

Ionization energies

(more) 1st: 577.5 kJ·mol−1

2nd: 1816.7 kJ·mol−1

3rd: 2744.8 kJ·mol−1

Atomic radius 143 pm

Covalent radius 121±4 pm

Van der Waals radius 184 pm

Miscellanea