Реферат: Общественная стратификация /Eng./

Table 1. Identifying social classes

Method	Advantages	Disadvantages
Objective	A clear-cut method for studying the correlates of social class. It is commonly the simplest and cheapest approach since data can usually be obtained from government sources.	The method often does not yield divisions that people themselves employ in their daily lives.
Self-placement	The method can be applied to a large population since survey techniques can be employed for securing the data. A useful method for predicting political behavior since who people think they are influences how they vote.	The class with which people identify may represent their aspirations rather than their current associations or the appraisals of other people.
Reputational	The method provides a valuable tool for investigating social distinctions in small groups and communities. It is specially useful for predicting associational patterns among people.	The method is difficult to use in large samples where people have little or no knowledge of one another.

Middles rank according to profession

Professionals	Whole amount of respondents	Middle class of Russia	Ideal middle class
1. Industrial workers	35.2	25.2	4.2
2. Technicians, middle part managers	14.4	23.4	20.8
3. Directors of public industries and joint-stock companies	1.2	2.1	-
4. Businessmen	6.9	12.8	25.0
5. Accountant, financier etc.	4.0	4.2	12.5
6. Humanitarian intelligence	20.5	23.4	16.7
7. Workers of communal sphere	10.2	8.5	20.8
8. Trade and supply workers	7.6	-	-

Russian middle class: 6% of all respondents

self-identification: middle place

Financial position: sufficient to live

Education: specialized secondary education, incomplete or complete higher education

Numerical superiority: men and citizens of big towns and Moscow.

Ideal middle class: 3.4% of all respondents (most close to middle class of advanced countries)

Financial position: sufficient amount of money for almost all needs

Education: specialized secondary education or higher (50% - specialized secondary education)

Citizens of big towns (21.1%) and villages (52.7%). Thus 2-3% of villagers are of middle class.