Реферат: The Khabarovsk Territory
As for the cargo turnover (exceeding annually 10 mln tons) the port Vanino takes the third place among the sea-ports of the Russian Far East . Every year 3,5 thd ships and 170 thd railway cars are processed at the port . In the port there is a complex of loading on processing large capacity contaners - 500 thd t annually . The sea railway ferry Vanino- Kholmsk is a part of Vanino port .The year round operation of the port is ensured by the ice-breaker fleet . Construction of the transshipment centre to handle vessels of Ro-Ro type using horizontal handing techniques for transhipping operations is to enable an increased carrying capacity of Vanino port up to 12 mln tons .
At present realization of a large project to significantly expand the ca - pacities up to 30 mln tons and modernize the port as well as to accelerate economic development of the areas adjacent to the port has been started .
Other ports in the Territory are in Nikolaevsk - on - Amur ,Okhotsk , Lazarevo and De-Kastry . A new commercial port has been opened in Sovetskaya Gavan in 1993 .
Air Transport
There are 38 airports in the Territory , 36 whereof being those of local service air lines including 6 airports with paved year round runways and 31 airports with natural serviced runways , 21 airports thereof are intended to receive only the airplanes of AN - type and helicopters .
Aircrafts of the Far-Eastern Corporation of Civil Aviation carry over 2 mln passengers and about 30 thd tons of cargo a year .
Air transportation at domestic air-lines is primarily carried out through the main airport of the Territory - the Khabarovsk airport located 10 km away from the city . The routes come therefrom to link the city with more than 40 cities of Russia and CIS countres . The Khabarovsk Airport is the leading airport of international travel in the Russian Far East . It is connected by scheduled flights with Harbin (China),Seoul (Korea),Ancorage and San-Francisco (USA),Niigata (Japan),Pyongyang (PDRK). At present the opening of a number of international flights is being studied .
Motor Transport and Roads
The general purpose motor transport of the Territory carry annually about 13,1 mln tons of cargo and over 260 mln of passengers .
There are 21 motor transport enterprises including 6 passenger enterprises integrated into Association "Khabarovskavtotrans."
The network of motor road is weakly developed and is concen - trated primarily in the soutern are of the Territory . The cities of Sovetskaya Gavan and Nikolaevsk-on-Amur have no motor road connection with territorial centre - Khabarovsk . The total length of motor roads is 12,2 thd km , including 6,6 thd km of inner secondary roads .
The length of general purpose motor roads is 4,3 thd km , including 3,2 thd km of hard-surface roads . Main trunk roads include : the roads of federalsignificance - "Amur" (Chita-Khabarovsk) and "Ussuri" (Khabarovsk-Vladivostok) and Khabarovsk- -Komsomolsk-on-Amur with bridge crossing Amur river near Komsomolsk,and Khabarovsk-Birobidzhan .
Communication
The main types of communication in the Khabarovsk Therritory are mail,and telephone communication . Telex and telefax are now widely used . It is planned to establish a centre of international communication in Khabarovsk .
Stations of international satellite communication : Russian- American joint venture "Daltelecom-International" , Russia - Japan joint venture "Vostoktelecom" and join-stock company "Vostok- Infocosmos" with going out for Korea,Japan,China and other countries have been put into service .
In 1993-1995 an automatic telephone station for 41 thd customer telephone numbers is to be put into service . The number of telephones per 100 families in cities is 30,2 , in the countryside - 23,7 .
TV broadcasting will be further developed in the Therritory . TV broadcasting (three and more) programmes make up 69,6 % .