Доклад: Английская грамматика /english/

Calmly and attentively did they listen to his story.

11.So followed by an adverbial modifier opens the sentence, e.g. So loudly did he speak that everybody could hear him.

So perfectly did he do his work that it won the prize.

12.In vivid speech when the sentence begins with an adverb of direction: in, out, away, down (if the subject is expressed by a noun),

e.g. Out came the chaise.

In rushed the others.

Off went the gun.

BUT: Down he rushed. (The subject is expressed by a pronoun)

13.When an object or an adverbial modifier expressed by a word-group with not a ...,many a ... opens the sentence,

e.g. Not a single mistake did he make.

Many a sleepless night did she spend.

14.When a predicative ( sometimes preceded by so or expressed by such) opens the sentence ( if the subject is expressed by a noun),

e.g. So cold was the night that they made a fire.

Bright and sunny was the morning when we started.

Such were the events of the day !

BUT: A gloomy day it was (The subject is expressed by a pronoun.)

15.In clauses of concession where the predicative is followed by the conjunction as (if the subject is expressed by a noun),

e.g. Cold as was the water, I plunged into it.

Rich as was the merchant, they did not envy him. (Dickens)

BUT: Hard as it was, we did it (The subject is expressed by a pronoun)

16.In conditional clauses in the Subjunctive Mood when the conjunction if is not used, and only with the verbs: had, was, were, should, could,

e.g. Had I more time, I should come to see you more often.

Were it not so late, I should go to the library.

Could he come, we should be very pleased.

17.Any word can be made emphatic by prefacing it with the words it is or it was and using a clause after it,

e.g. It was he who did it.

It was here that I saw them for the first time.