Курсовая работа: Subject: ways of expressing the sentence
‘There are only five left now’ [22, 102]
‘There was a pier-glass between the windows of the room.’ [23, 12]
Thus, the Subject features in American fiction are predominantly similar to the ones kept in British literature; the only noticed peculiarity is the instrumental function of the Subject.
Conclusion
On the basis of the theoretical and practical investigation of the Subject within the framework of distinguishing its features in American and British fiction conforming to the examined theory, we have reached the following results of the research work:
The Subject justifies its definition of being ‘the main part of a two-member sentence which is grammatically independent of the other parts of the sentence and on which the predicate is grammatically dependent’ in combination with all the other characteristics mentioned by different grammarians of any languages practically throughout the investigated fiction.
Classifications of the Subject presented in two variants reflect that from structural point of view, simple and complex types of the Subject are predominantly used. From functional point of view, the agentive and affected role of the Subject is generally maintained. Vivid examples proving the present conclusion are presented in Chapter Two.
Ways of expressing the Subject vary mainly surely between the nouns in nominal case (these examples constitute the majority part of expressing the Subject), personal pronouns (that also present a vast percentage of the examples where they are in the role of the Subject), demonstrative, interrogative, indefinite pronouns are of less often frequency.
Numerals are also used in the role of the Subject, these cases are mainly characteristic of the colloquial dialogues.
Infinitive and gerundial constructions possess a rather high index of frequency usage identified in the investigated fiction.
Concerning ‘it’ Subject, the results of the investigations prove to state that generally the notional type of ‘it’ is practiced in the role of the Subject. Formal type of ‘it’ Subject is used much more moderate.
Regarding the other parts of speech that also can be used in the role of the Subject, that is substantivized adjective or participle, any part of speech used as a quotation, a group of words which is one part of the sentence, i.e. a syntactically indivisible group are less preferred both by the American and British writers within the given project.
In reference to the feature differences in the usage of the Subject in American and British fiction, we can surely state that both cultures prefer to use common features of the Subject. The only characteristic of the American fiction touches the fact that instrumental function of the Subject is used a little oftener whereas British writers keep 100%-preference to the Subject expressed by nouns and personal pronouns.
The implemented investigation will be elaborated in the subsequent thesis of the next year based on the fiction of the John Galsworthy (‘The Forsyte Saga’) where detailed internal research analysis will be executed.
Bibliography
1. Cobb Timothy and Gardiner Richard, Today’s English Grammar, Bucureşti, Prietenii cărţi,1994, 330 p.
2. Greenbaum Sidney, Oxford English Grammar, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1996, 652 p.
3. Greenbaum Sidney, Quirk R., Leech G., Svartvik J, A University Grammar of English, Moscow, 1982, p. 158
4. Newsperson Otto, University of Grammar, Chicago and London, The University of Chicago Press, 1991, 347 p.
5. Leech Geoffrey, An A-Z of English Grammar and Usage, 1991, 575 p.
6. Paul Roberts, Understanding Grammar, New York and Evanston, Row Publishers, 1954, 550p.
7. Bahtaş Andrey, Limba Engleza, Bucureşti, Teora, 1993, 67 p.
8. Cataraga Angela, Gramatica Limbii Engleze, Bucureşti, Teora, 2003, 67 p.
9. Levitchi Leon, Gramatica Limbii Engleze, Bucureşti, Teora, 2005, 186 p.
10. Ильин Б. А., Строй современного английского языка, Москва, Издательство «Просвещение», 1965, 206 стр.
11. Vasilevskaya N. M., Ganshina M. A., English Grammar, Higher School Publishing House, Moscow, 1964, p. 335
12. ИофикЛ. Л., ЧахоянЛ. П., Readings in the Theory of English Grammar, Москва, 1967,149 стр.
13. Каушанская В. Л., Грамматика английского языка, Москва, 1968, 227 стр.
14. Крылова И. П., AGrammarofPresentDay, Москва, Издательство «Просвещение», 1990, 100 стр.