Курсовая работа: The theoretical basis for the international trade. The modern trends of the international trade development

So, nowadays the advantages in the competition are determined neither by the size of the country, nor by rich natural resources or by the power of the financial capital. The determinatives are the educational level and volume of the knowledge accumulated by a society.

Chapter II. The international trade at the present stage of development

2.1 Concept and laws of development of the international trade

Basis of economic relations in the world economy is international trade.

International trade is sphere of the international commodity and monetary relations on an exchange of products of work (the goods and services) between sellers and buyers of the different countries».

International trade includes export and import of the goods. Trading balance is parity between export and import

The structural shifts occuring in economy of the countries under influence of a scientific and technological revolution, specialization and cooperation of industrial production, strengthen interaction of national economy.

It promotes activization of the international trade. International trade grows faster production. Foreign trade became the powerful factor of economic growth.

International trade influences economy of each country.

International trade is mutually advantageous, as conducts to specialization and an exchange. Benefit is taken from a difference in costs in the different countries. It allows to receive economy from scale.

International trade is characterized by three basic parameters are : commodity circulation, commodity structure and geographical structure.

The term "foreign trade" is understood as trade between the countries, consisting of export and import of the goods and services.

Kinds of the foreign trade are:

1. sale of finished goods;

2. sale of machines and the equipment;

3. sale of raw material;

4. sale of services.

The parameters reflecting participation of the country in the international trade, are quota of export and of import.

Participation of the country in the international trade is caused by a level of its economic development, the sizes of territory, a population, problems and the purposes of economic policy.

Law of the world trade development

World trade grows very quickly. Export shares of the countries increase. Densities of ready industrial, high technology production grows. The export prices of machines and the equipment quickly grow.

For an estimation of advantage of the international trade for the country, economists use an index of conditions of trade.

The important tendency in the international exchange is the increase in the world market of services, especially tourist, transport, financial. Leaders of this market are the advanced countries.

2.2 Structure and the basic commodity streams of the international trade at the present stage of development

Considering structure of the world trade in the beginning of XXI century, it is possible to see essential changes. The share of the trade of a manufacturing industry has increased with 1/3 up to 3/4, on the foodstuffs and raw material it is necessary about 1/5 commodity circulations. More than 40 % of all modern world export are machines and the equipment.

The commodity structure of the world trade changes under influence of a scientific and technological revolution, a deepening of the international division of labour. Now the share of such kinds of production, as production of a manufacturing industry, machines, the equipment, chemical production, the high technology goods especially quickly grows.

One of quickly developing spheres of the international trade is trade in chemical production.

Consumption of raw material and power resources has increased. However rates of growth of trade in raw material noticeably lag behind the general rates of growth of the world trade.

Active trade in machines and the equipment has generated a number of new services, such as engineering, leasing, consulting, information services.

Export of the electrotechnical and electronic equipment quickly grows. On its share it is necessary more than 25 % of all export of machine-technical production.

The commodity structure of the international trade testifies to a level of economic development of the state.

In 2005, according to WTO, there was a growth of the international commodity circulation more than on 13 % at cost up to a level of 10,4 bln. dollars.