Реферат: 5 Year Plan Essay Research Paper Table

SpainFagor

Market share by product categories:

Washing MachinesU.S., German, Hungarian;

Vacuum CleanersGerman, Korean, Japanese;

DryersU.S., Japanese, Korean.

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Japanese, Korean and German products dominate mostly the Hungarian household appliances market, except for washing machines market that has been dominated by the U.S. “Whirlpool” brand and refrigerators market dominated by the Swedish-Hungarian

brand “Zanussi-Lehel”.

5. Product Name HS Code Import Duty

washing machines 8422 9.5 percent

spin-dryers 8421 8.5 percent

vacuum cleaners 8509 10.6 percent

The Value-added Tax is 25 percent in Hungary for all these products.

6. Testing procedures:

Household appliances must undergo quality testing before they enter the official Hungarian trade channel. These testings are done by the Commercial Quality Control (KERMI) and Quality Control Institute (MEI).

KERMI:

The most important tasks of KERMI are the testing and approving of the products as well as registering imported and domestically-made consumer articles prior to entering the distribution channel. A large number of consumer goods have to be tested according with Hungarian regulations. This procedure is regulated by Decree 5/1994 issued by the former Ministry of Industry and Trade. The most important task of KERMI is testing and approving consumer products prior to putting them on the market. A large number of consumer goods have to be tested according to rules. Products without quality certification cannot be passed through the customs and are not allowed to be sold. KERMI’s activities include: technical testing and analysis, technical and scientific research, market research and public opinion polls, professional counseling etc. KERMI requires the following documentation for the registration procedure:

?exact name of the product, the producer and the country of origin,

?draft of the label and the application instruction in Hungarian,

?product documentation,

The information/documentation provided to KERMI should contain the name of the product, name of the producer and its location, declaration about the innocuity of the product, name and address of the issuing agency. The applicant will also be required to submit samples for testing. The cost of the procedure is between HUF 60,000 – 90,000 (USD 300-450) plus 25 percent VAT. The exact fee is based on sample; an exact quotation price will be given to the applicant. A twenty- percent discount can be given in case of serial tests. Length of the test: 30 days upon the arrival of samples, documentation and the quoted fee but additional fees will be charged to the client in the case of urgent testing which can be reduced to 15 days.

MEI

MEEI Ltd. carries out type tests to standard, safety tests, product follow-ups, factory inspections and quality system audits, which serve as a basis for its conformity certifications. The certification of products according to D1 is carried out against the Hungarian national standards and/or other mandatory regulations, while in the case of tests based on D2, the certification takes place against implemented harmonized standards. The Hungarian national standards are generally identical or equivalent in their technical contents to the EN/HD specifications or IEC standards. MEEI Ltd. also undertakes to carry out full or partial type tests and certifications to standards other than those mentioned above but for which it is otherwise prepared. The assessment of the manufacturing process for the purpose of issuing a Certificate for Factory Inspection, may be carried out as follows:

?on the basis of an on-site assessment carried out by MEEI Ltd., or

?on the basis of audit report issued by an other inspection/certification body acting upon commission of MEEI Ltd., or

?on the basis of acceptance of factory inspection reports in English (CENELEC MC-6, MC-7), issued by an other inspection/certification body, recognized by MEEI Ltd., and performed previously, or

?on the basis of evaluation and acceptance of certificate and audit report, if the manufacturer operates a quality system certified to ISO 9001 or ISO 9002, a filled-in CENELEC MC-6B Questionnaire, proofs on regular checking of measuring-, testing- and monitoring equipment used during the process of manufacture or control, in English.

3. Recommendation on Entry Mode

The key issues for consideration when entering Hungary are: