Реферат: Депортация и переселение азербайджанцев из Армении в XX веке

39. Lowell W. Barrington. After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial & Postcommunist States. University of Michigan Press, 2006. ISBN 0472068989, 9780472068982 In late 1988, the entire Azerbaijani population (including Muslim Kurds) — some 167000 people — was kicked out of the Armenian SSR. In the process, dozens of people died due to isolated Armenian attacks and adverse conditions. This population transfer was partially in response to Armenians being forced out of Azerbaijan, but it was also the last phase of the gradual homogenization of the republic under Soviet rule. The population transfer was the latest, and not so "gentle, " episode of ethnic cleansing that increased Armenia’s homogenization from 90 percent to 98 percent. Nationalists, in collaboration with the Armenian state authorities, were responsible for this exodus.

40. http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27823.htm US Department of State, Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs > Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor > Releases > Human Rights > 2003 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices > Europe and Eurasia > Armenia > Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2003, February 25, 2004 : As a result of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict with Azerbaijan, most of the country’s Muslim population was forced to leave the country by 1991

41. http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/470_1162983398_3f5f27d14.pdf - стр.33-35 — Before 1988, Azeris were the largest ethnic minority in Armenia. The figure from 1988 was nearly 200,000. As the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh intensified, ethnic tensions erupted leading to the mistreatment of the Azeri minority. The Armenian authorities discriminated against ethnic Azeris and were unwilling to protect them against acts of violence perpetrated by the Armenian population. Following the anti-Armenian pogroms in Baku and Sumgait in Azerbaijan in 1988-89, nearly the entire Azeri population was either expelled by the local authorities or fled, fearing for their lives and security. 117. From 1988 to 1992, ethnic Azeris, persons of mixed Armenian/Azeri origin and couples of mixed Armenian/Azeri ethnic origin were, when not expelled, systematically victims of harassment and acts of violence, such as physical and psychological violence, threats to life, abductions, deprivation of property and social benefits, marginalisation, etc. These acts were either perpetrated by the local authorities themselves or by certain circles of the society, encouraged and tolerated by the local authorities. 118. Only a few hundred ethnic Azeris (mixed couples, elderly and sick) have remained and continue to live in Armenia. However, the exact number is nearly impossible to estimate. Most of those who stayed in Armenia come from mixed ethnic families, i.e., either Azeri wives of Armenian men or descendants of mixed Armenian-Azeri marriages.48 For the elderly and sick, departure was never an option. Most of ethnic Azeris have changed their names to conceal their ethnic origin and/or to keep a low profile in the society. Currently, there is no evidence of systematic discrimination by the Armenian Government against the few remaining ethnic Azeris, persons of mixed Armenian/Azeri origin or mixed couples. It is reported that they are mostly living in the rural areas. Their neighbours are aware of their identity, but are tolerant.49 UNHCR has no information in recent years as to whether they have problems with the public offices if they need to obtain official certificates or to renew their documents. However, given that many of them are understood to be elderly, it is likely that they are not in situations where they need to approach public offices or that they are not noticed as being Azeri or mix origin as they have changed their names.

42. http://www.languages-study.com/demography/armenia.html

43. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/AM.html

44. Second Report Submitted by Armenia Pursuant to Article 25, Paragraph 1 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. Received on 24 November 2004

45. http://www.hra.am/file/minorities_en.pdf Also to be noted are individual Lithuanians, Central Asians, Azerbaijanis, Tartars, Persians, Indians, Afghanis, Arabs. Most live in Armenia by virtue of marital relations with Armenians. Some have acquired residence permits as political immigrants or businessmen implementing long-time commercial transactions in Armenia.

46. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2075.html?countryName=Armenia&countryCode=am&regionCode=me&#am

47. http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_REVUE=CMR&ID_NUMPUBLIE=CMR_441&ID_ARTICLE=CMR_441_0179

48. http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_REVUE=CMR&ID_NUMPUBLIE=CMR_441&ID_ARTICLE=CMR_441_0179, Arseny Saparov, International Relations Department, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, [email protected] — These waves of emigrations of the Azerbaijani population and immigrations of Armenians were apparently one of the major causes for renamings in the Armenian SSR in the post-war period. We should also consider the general decline in Russo- Turkish relations in the aftermath of the Second World War, and Stalin’s demands for the return of the territories seceded to Turkey in 1921.31 The post-war renamings campaign ended in 1950, and the annual number of renamings steadily declined until 1967—1968. The years 1967 and 1968 were marked by a sudden increase in renamings when more than 50 place-names were changed. The explanation for this phenomenon could be the attempt of the local authorities to accommodate the resurgence of Armenian nationalism that occurred two years earlier.

49. http://www.newsarmenia.ru/arm1/20070222/41641689.html В 2007 году в Армении завершится процесс переименования населенных пунктов республики — 16:21 | 22/ 02/ 2007

50. Региональный семинар ЮНЕСКО по продвижению конвенции об охране нематериального культурного наследия стран Европы и Северной Америки Казань, Российская Федерация, 15-17 декабря 2004. НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ДОКЛАД ПО СОСТОЯНИЮ ОХРАНЫ НЕМАТЕРИАЛЬНОГО КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ В АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНЕ, http://www.unesco.ru/files/docs/clt/kazan/azerbaijan-report.pdf

51. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=570

52. Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. «Эривань»

53. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=570

54. Lenore A. Grenoble. Language Policy in the Soviet Union. Springer, 2003. ISBN 1402012985, 9781402012983, pp 134—135.

55. Ronald Grigor Suny Looking toward Ararat: Armenia in modern history. — USA: 0253207738, 9780253207739, 1993. — С. 138 (they (armenians/or dashnaks) had maintained an Armenian presence in Caucasia despite the invasions from all sides, and their terrorization of local Muslims, reprehensible as it was from a moral point of view, nevertheless shifted the demographic balance in the area around the Erevan in favor of the Armenians). — 289 с. — ISBN Indiana University Press

56. Robert Cullen, A Reporter at Large, “Roots,” The New Yorker, April 15, 1991, p. 55

57. Том де Ваал. Черный сад. Между миром и войной. Глава 5. Ереван. Тайны Востока.

Источник: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Депортация_и_переселение_азербайджанцев_из_Армении_в_XX_веке