Реферат: Expert analysis of problem Chernobyl power plant

In preparation for the decommissioning of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant being built at the site of new facilities. [2]

2. SOLUTIONS

The old sarcophagus was strengthened in 2004-2008, bearing in mind that integrity will last about 15 years, but current status requires immediate repair. The main part of scientist considers that sarcophagus requires full changing. Then question about sarcophagus is closed. But questions about radioactive waste are being discussed nowadays.

Nowadays, radioactive waste, which are generated as a result of the work and decommission Chernobyl nuclear power plant, transport to the CDEP "Buryakovka. However, the volume of radioactive waste are large enough, so it is necessary to reconstruct the CDEP "Buryakovka" (pic. 1). The reconstruction CDEP means increasing production volumes for the disposal of radioactive waste.The project is the first reconstruction CDEP "Buryakovka" was based on the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 480 dated April 29, 1996. [1, 3]

Picture 1 – The scheme of reconstruction of CDEP "Buryakovka". [4]

CDEP "Buryakovka is intended for disposal of solid low-and intermediate-level radioactive waste. Repository has the form of modules (tranches), which could be repeated as many times, depending on the amount of waste to be disposed of. For burial radioactive waste, which are generated as a result of reconstruction of Chernobyl sarcophagus, it is proposed to re-use CDEP "Buryakovka", where necessary to increase production capacity according with plan 1996. [1]

The existing sarcophagus is temporary built over the destroyed reactor of Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The main purpose of the existing “Shelter” is to provide reliable isolation of radioactive materials from the destroyed reactor environment.

At the moment, the draft overarching protective shell "Shelter" has already adopted (pic. 2). New construction shall provide the possibility of partial dismantling of damaged and unsafe structures Shelter. In addition, the new shelter should have the facilities and equipment for safe work on the extraction and processing radioactive and fuel-containing materials. According to experts, this decision is best for a new containment. For new construction, specialists use the expression “confinement”. Thus a new protective structure has been called the New Safe Confinement. [4]

Picture 2 – The project of "Shelter". [3]

The main function of the “confinement” - to restrict the spread of radioactive substances, which are located in the Shelter. This condition must be met in normal operating conditions of “confinement” and in circumstances of the accident(the destruction of an existing object "Shelter "). It is envisaged that the new facility will be operated for a hundred years (design life).

Picture 3 – The process of the Arch assembling and sliding. [3]

According to preliminary data, the dimensions of “confinement” following:

- length of the building - 150 meters;

- height - 92, 5 feet;

- span arch - 257 meters;

- confinement area - 39,000 square meters.

One of the main peculiarities of the Arch is the fact that according to design, the Arch will be assembled at the 180 meters distance. It will allow decreasing irradiation of the personnel that will build the Arch. Special site will be prepared for construction. After completion of the Arch assembling on the special site, it will be slid to the existing Shelter by using special mechanisms (pic. 3). [4]

CONCLUSION

The Chernobyl disaster is a huge global problem of 20th and 21st century, because a lot of problems of accident of NPP exist at this time.The crumbling protective surface and reburial of the generated waste are main problems. More over, these problems must be decided as soon as can.

The most suitable decision of solving problem of wastes is a reburial in the repository "Buryakovka". This solution effectively, both economically and biologically. Also, the problem of protective surface has the solution. It is a building new "Shelter". This project supported by majority scientific institutions.

This report includes a main part of solving problems connected with Chernobyl NPP.

REFERENCES

1.20 years of the Chernobyl disaster. Looking to the Future: National Report of Ukraine. - K.: Atika, 2006. - 232 sec. [+ 8 ill.].

2.Klyuchnikov AA, Rudko V., Baty, VG, Podberezny SS, Fedorchenko DV Computer simulation of the radiation-hazardous areas Coll. scientific publications Information systems and technology. p. 310-312

3. E.Schmieman, S. Paskevych, A.Sizov, V.Batiy Chernobyl’s waste site Nuclear Engineering International. Vol 52. № 631. 2007. -P. 18-22.

4.Radioecology of Chernobyl Zone. Slavutich, 2002.