Реферат: Fuselage
vary - мінятися; змінюватися
arrangement - розміщення; розташування
rigid framework - жорсткий каркас
tubular steel - трубчата сталь
ring - кільце
thin-walled skin - тонкостінна обшивка
longitudinal - повздовжній
transversal - поперечний
stringer - стрінгер; повздовжня балка
former - шпангоут
bulkhead - перегородка
monocoque - монокок (тип конструкції фюзеляжу з працюючою обшивкою)
semimonocoque - напівмонокок; напівмонококовий, балочно-стрингерний
shell – оболонка
hollow – пустотілий
eliminate – усувати
bracing - розтяжка; кріплення
rivet - заклепка; клепати; з'єднати заклепками
reinforce – підсилювати
hold apart - утримувати на відстані
weld – зварювати
cockpitorflightdeck - кабіна екіпажу
canopy - ліхтар (кабіни екіпажу)
hatch- люк
pressurized - герметичний; герметизований
FUSELAGE
The fuselage is the central body of the aeroplane and the largest element of it. The fuselage extends from the nose to the tail of the machine. All fuselages are round structures. The fuselage serves several purposes: it carries the crew, equipment, passenger cabins, baggage compartments and other accommodations. It may also contain the power plant, if the aeroplane has only one engine, fuel and oil tanks. Besides, the fuselage serves as a support for the tail unit and may carry the landing gear.
The fuselage is a rigid framework built of tubular steel and metal rings. The framework is covered with a thin-walled skin. The skin may be made of fabric, metal, glass or other material .The framework consists of longitudinal members (stringers and longerons or spars) and transversal members (formers).These longitudinal and transversal members make the contour or frame of the fuselage.
The fuselage must be strong enough to withstand different loads acting on it and has a streamlined shape to reduce the drag. Stringers and longerons or spars are loaded with axial forces (tensile and compressive forces). Stringers also serve to stiffen the skin. Formers are used to maintain the circular cross-section of the fuselage. They also serve as a support for stringers and skin, and they take local aerodynamicloads. Strong formers transmit local concentrated forces to the skin.
There are two main types of fuselage construction: monocoque design and semimonocoque. In the monocoque design the skin provides its own structural strength eliminating the need for internal bracing.