Реферат: Government and Politics

Lobbying The process by which individuals and groups communicate with public officials in order to influence decisions of government.

Marital power A term used by Blood and Wolfe to describe the manner in which decision making is distributed within families.

Monarchy A form of government headed by a single member of a royal family, usually a king, a queen, or some other hereditary ruler.

Oligarchy A form of government in which a few individuals rule.

Pluralist model A view of society in which many conflicting groups within a community have access to governmental officials and compete with one another in an attempt to influence policy decisions.

Political action committee (PAC) A political committee established by a national bank, corporation, trade association, or cooperative or membership association to accept voluntary contributions for candidates or political parties.

Political efficacy The feeling that one has the ability to influence politicians and the political order.

Political party An organization whose purposes are to promote candidates for public office, advance an ideology as reflected in positions on public issues, win elections, and exercise power.

Political socialization The process by which individuals acquire political attitudes and develop patterns of political behavior.

Political system A recognized set of procedures for implementing and obtaining the goals of a group.

Politics In Harold D. Lasswell’s words, "who gets what, when, how."

Power The ability to exercise one’s will over others.

Power elite A term used by C. Wright Mills for a small group of military, industrial, and government leaders who control the fate of the United States.

Pressure groups A term sometimes used to refer to interest groups.

Representative democracy A form of government in which certain individuals are selected to speak for the people.

Routinization of charismatic authority Max Weber’s term for the process by which the leadership qualities originally associated with an individual are incorporated into either