Реферат: Personality and his socialization

Thus, to E. Erikson, at each stage a human encounters the following crises:

· infancy (birth-18 months): trust versus mistrust;

· younger years (18 months-3 years): autonomy versus shame and doubt;

· early childhood (3-6 years): initiative versus guilt;

· middle childhood (6-12 years): industry versus inferiority;

· early adolescence (12-18 years): group identity versus alienation;

· later adolescence (18-22 years): Ego-identity versus identity confusion;

· early adulthood (22-34 years): intimacy versus isolation;

· middle adulthood (34-60 years): generativity versus stagnation;

· later adulthood (60-75 years): Ego-integrity versus despair;

· old age (75 years-death): immortality versus extinction.

According to E. Erikson, the Ego, around which the individual integrates a sense of identity, develops in the process of socialization. He, too, thinks the society plays an important role in moulding personality. He emphasized that socialization is a lifelong process which goes through cycles from infancy to adolescence to various states of young, middle, and elderly adulthood.

BASIC CONCEPTS

Agencies (agents) of socialization – structured groups or contexts within which significant processes of socialization occur.

Basis type (of personality) – a set of typical personality’s qualities which are dominant in the society and most fully meets the demands of a given society.

Deliberate socialization – a socialization process when there is a deliberate and purposeful intent to convey values, attitudes, knowledge, skills etc.

Extrovert – a person who tends to focus on the outer world and external events.

Frustrated personality – personality characterized by low self-assessment and depressive state.

Hedonistic materialist – a person who is oriented to satisfy his needs as consumer.

Homo consumer – a modern consumer, or personality moulded by mass society (by R. Dahrendorf).

Homo faber – a “working man”in the traditional society, or personality allotted with an important public function (by R. Dahrendorf).

Homo soveticus – a person depending on the state (by R. Dahrendorf).

Homo universalis – a person with the aptitude to perform various activities (by R. Dahrendorf).

Human being – a particular representative of mankind.

Idealist – a person who is critical towards traditional norms and firmly determined to self-development.

Individual – a particular representative of mankind.

Individuality – a set of qualities or characteristics distinguishing one person from another at the biological, psychological, social and other levels.

Introvert – a person who tends to focus on his inner world of ideas and experiences.

Man – a most common, generic concept for a representative of mankind.