Реферат: Psych Essay Research Paper The five journal

competence) was found for children making the transition

from one classroom to the next with a friend.

The next article was ?Where?s the Ball? Two- and

Three-Year-Olds Reason About Unseen Events.? Children 2, 2

1/2, and 3 years of age engaged in a search task in which

they opened one of four doors in an occluder to retrieve a

ball that had been rolled behind the occluder. The correct

door was determined by a partially visible wall placed

behind the occluder that stopped the motion of the unseen

ball. Only the oldest group of children was able to reliably

choose the correct door. All children were able to retrieve

a toy that had been hidden in the same apparatus if the toy

was hidden from the front by opening a door. Analysis of the

younger children’s errors indicated that they did not search

randomly but instead used a variety of strategies. The

results are consistent with the Piagetian view that the

ability to use representations to guide action develops

slowly over the first years of life.

The final article I read was ?Gender, Affiliation,

Assertion, and the Interactive Context of Parent-Child

Play.? In this study ninety-eight young U.S. children

(average age-4 years) with either European, Latin American,

or multiple ethnic backgrounds were videotaped with their

mothers and their fathers on separate occasions in their

families’ homes. Parent-child pairs played for 8 minutes

each with a feminine-stereotyped toy set (foods and plates)

and a masculine-stereotyped toy set (track and cars). Levels

of affiliation (engaging vs. distancing) and assertion

(direct vs. non-direct) were rated on 7-point scales every 5