Реферат: Solidarity rights: universality and diversities

[24] Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (visited July 24, 2002) <http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/Html/157.htm>.

[25] Vienna Declaration and Program of Action (visited July 24, 2002) <http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/(Symbol)/A.CONF.157.23.En?OpenDocument>.

[26] Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice (vidited July 21, 2002) <http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/d_prejud.htm>.

[27] Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities (visited July 21, 2002) <http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/d_minori.htm>.

[28] Eva Brems, Human Rights: Universality and Diversity 480 (2001).

[29] Rebecca M. M. Wallace, International Human Rights Text and Materials 104 (2001).

[30] E.g.: Federal Law on Territories of Traditional Exploitation of Nature by Indigenous Small Numbered Peoples of North, Siberia, and Far East in Russian Federation of Apr. 4, 2001 (visited July 24, 2002) <http://black.inforis.nnov.su/infobase/www.exe/a/90.new/upload.html?doc=77965 >.

[31] E.g.: ILO Convention Nr. 107, on the Protection and Integration of Indigenous and Other Tribal and Semi-Tribal Populations in Independent Countries (June 26, 1957), declaring the collective rights of indigenous people, such as the right to decide their own priorities for the process of development and to participate in the formulation, implementation and evaluation in national and regional development plans affecting them (article 7 (1)), the right to retain their own customs and traditions (article 8 (2)), the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy (article 14 (1)), and the right to the natural resources pertaining to their lands (article 15 (1)). (visited July 24, 2002) <http://www.cwis.org/fwdp/International/ilo_107.txt>.

[32] E.g., the collective right to live in freedom, peace and security as distinct people and to full guarantees against genocide or any other act of violence, including the removal of indigenous children from their families and communities under any pretext (article 6); the collective and individual right not to be subjected to ethnocide and cultural genocide (article 7); the collective and individual right to maintain and develop their distinct identities and characteristics (article 8); the right to determine their own citizenship in accordance with their custom and traditions (article 32) etc. (Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People (visited July 24, 2002) <http://www.usask.ca/nativelaw/ddir.html>.

[33] Vienna Declaration, § II, 28-29. (visited July 21, 2002) <http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/(Symbol)/A.CONF.157.23.En?OpenDocument>.

[34] Declaration of the Principles of International Cultural Co-operation (visited July 21, 2002) <http://www.unesco.org/culture/laws/cooperation/html_eng/page1.shtml>.

[35] International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (visited July 28, 2002) <http://www.tufts.edu/departments/fletcher/multi/texts/BH497.txt>.

[36] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (visited July 24, 2002) <http://www.tufts.edu/departments/fletcher/multi/texts/BH498.txt>.

[37] However, the European Court of Human Rights has held that the right to education would be meaningless if it did not imply the right to be educated in their national language. Judgement of the European Court of Human Rights in Six Groups of Belgian Citizens v. Belgium (visited Aug. 5, 2002) <http://www.coe.int/portalT.asp>.

[38] Draft Unesco Declaration on Cultural Diversity (visited Aug. 5, 2002) <http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001234/123405e.pdf>.

[39] Implementation of the Declaration on the Preparation of Societies for Life in Peace (visited Aug. 5, 2002) <http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/42/a42r091.htm>.

[40] Declaration on the Right of Peoples to Peace (visited Aug. 5, 2002) <http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/73.htm>.

[41] Paul Sieghart, The International Law of Human Rights 368 (1995).

[42] African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (visited Aug. 5, 2002) <http://www.hrcr.org/docs/Banjul/afrhr.html>.

[43] Rebecca M. M. Wallace, International Human Rights Text and Materials 1 (2001).

[44] Declaration of Philadelphia (visited Aug. 5, 2002) <http://www.idhbb.org/uk-page4.1.htm>.

[45] Declaration on the Right to Development (visited Aug. 8, 2002) <http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/74.htm>.

[46] Vienna Declaration (visited Aug. 7, 2002) <http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/(Symbol)/A.CONF.157.23.En?OpenDocument>.

[47] Gudmundur Alfredson, The right to Development: perspectives from human rights law, in Human Rights in Domestic Law and Development Assistance Policies of the Nordic Countries 84-85 (Lars Adam Rehof et al. ed., 1989).

[48] See, for example, the 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (visited Aug. 18, 2002) <http://sedac.ciesin.org/pidb/texts/rio.declaration.1992.html>; Program of Action of 1994 Cairo Conference (visted Aug. 18, 2002) <http://www.undp.am/archive/gender/UN/Coordinator/Cairo/Cairo_1.htm>; Declaration and the Programme of Action of the World Summit for Social Development (Copenhagen, 1995) (visited Aug. 14, 2002) <http://www.visionoffice.com/socdev/wssd.htm>; the 1995 Platform of Action of the Beijing World Conference on Women (visited Aug. 14, 2002) <http://www.undp.org/fwcw/fwcw2.htm>.

[49] Paul Sieghart, The International Law of Human Rights, 401 (1995).

[50] Philip Kunig, Human Rights Approach to the Right to Development: Merits and Shortcomings, in The Right to Development in International Law 84 (Erik M. G. Denters et al. ed., 1992).

[51] Eva Brems, Human Rights: Universality and Diversity 71 (2001).

[52] Declaration on the Right to Development (visited Aug. 5, 2002) <http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/74.htm>.