Реферат: The cities of USA
The expression "every tub on its own bottom" is often used to describe the decentralized organization and financial arrangement of the 9 faculties overseeing Harvard's 12 schools and colleges. Each faculty is headed by a Dean, who is appointed by the President, and each is directly responsible for its own finances and organization. In addition to the nine faculties, Harvard is also home to the new Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, a major research and educational center where men and women pursue advanced work in all fields and disciplines. The University Administration supports the activities of the faculties and other operations on a University-wide basis.
The faculties are:
1) Faculty of Arts and Sciences includes:
Harvard College
Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Division of Continuing Education
2) Faculty of Medicine includes:
Medical School
School of Dental Medicine
3) Graduate School of Business Administration
4) Graduate School of Design
5) Divinity School
6) Graduate School of Education
7) John F. Kennedy School of Government
8) Law School
9) School of Public Health
The Harvard Medical School moved to Boston from Cambridge around 1810, finding its permanent home on Longwood Avenue in 1906. It was later joined by the School of Dental Medicine and the School of Public Health.
Located nearby in the Harvard Medical Area are the Countway Library of Medicine and several Harvard-affiliated teaching hospitals - Children's, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brigham and Women's, the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, the Joslin Diabetes Center, and the Massachusetts Mental Health Center.
These independent institutions provide teaching and advanced training to students enrolled in the Schools and are, at the same time, outstanding health-care facilities for the community and world-renowned centers of medical research. Other Harvard-affiliated teaching hospitals include Massachusetts General Hospital, the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge Hospital, McLean Hospital, and Mount Auburn Hospital.
The Harvard Business School was established in 1908. Its campus buildings, constructed in 1927, are situated on the Boston side of the Charles River in Allston. Also just across the river from Cambridge is the 92-acre Soldiers Field Athletic Area, where most of the University's playing fields and athletic facilities are located.
Harvard values its positive relationship with Boston and in 1999 agreed to increase its voluntary payments in lieu of taxes to the city by 45 percent over the next 20 years. Through the 20/20/2000 Initiative, announced in November 1999, Harvard will provide $20 million in low-interest loans to area nonprofit agencies. The money will be used to create or preserve housing for Massachusetts residents. The University is also cooperating with Boston to preserve affordable housing, adopting plans for new Business School dormitories so fewer students will occupy valuable off-campus housing, and has transferred ownership of its Mission Hill housing development to its tenants' association.
After George Washington's Continental Army forced the British to leave Boston in March 1776, the Harvard Corporation and Overseers voted on April 3, 1776, to confer an honorary degree upon the general, who accepted it that very day (probably at his Cambridge headquarters in Craigie House). Washington next visited Harvard in 1789, as the first U.S. president. Since then, a few other men who were, or were to become U.S. presidents, have received honorary degrees:
John Adams, 1781
Thomas Jefferson, 1787
James Monroe, 1817 John Quincy Adams, 1822
Andrew Jackson, 1833
Ulysses S. Grant, 1872
William Howard Taft, 1905
Woodrow Wilson, 1907