Реферат: The Internet Essay Research Paper The Internet 2

hours a day.

As ARPANET became larger, a more sophisticated and standard protocol was

needed. The protocol would have to link users from other small networks to

ARPANET, the main network. The standard protocol invented in 1977 was called

TCP/IP. Because of TCP/IP, connecting to ARPANET by any other network was made

possible. In 1983, the military portion of ARPANET broke off and formed MILNET.

The same year, TCP/IP was made a standard and it was being used by everyone. It

linked all parts of the branching complex networks, which soon came to be called

the Internet.

In 1985, the National Science Foundation (NSF) began a program to

establish Internet access centered on its six powerful supercomputer stations

across the United States. They created a backbone called NSFNET to connect

college campuses via regional networks to its supercomputer centers. ARPANET

officially expired in 1989. Most of the networks were gained by NSFNET. The

others became parts of smaller networks. The Defense Communications Agency shut

down ARPANET because its functions had been taken over by NSFNET. Amazingly,

when ARPANET was turned off in June of 1990, no one except the network staff

noticed.

In the early 1990’s the Internet experienced explosive growth. It was

estimated that the number of computers connected to the Internet was doubling

every year. It was also estimated that at this rapid rate of growth, everyone

would have an e-mail address by the year 2020. The main cause of this growth was

the creation of the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web was created at CERN, a

physics laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. The Web’s development was based on

the transmission of web pages over the Internet, called Hyper Text Transmission

Protocol or HTTP. It is an interactive system for the dissemination and

retrieval of information through web pages. The pages may consist of text,

pictures, sound, music, voice, animations, and video. Web pages can link to

other web pages by hypertext links. When there is hypertext on a page, the user