Реферат: The JAZZ Story

Evolved from the standard dance band of the era, the first big Jazz bands

consisted of three trumpets, one trombone, three saxophones (doubling all

kinds of reed instruments), and rhythm section of piano, banjo, bass (string

or brass) and drums. These bands played from written scores

(arrangements or "charts"), but allowed freedom of invention for the

featured soloists and often took liberties in departing from the written

notes.

Though it was the best of the day, Henderson's band lacked rhythmic

smoothness and flexibility when Louis joined up. The flow and grace of his

short solos on records with the band make them stand out like diamonds in

a tin setting.

The elements of Louis' style, already then in perfect balance, included a

sound that was the most musical and appealing yet heard from a trumpet; a

gift for melodic invention that was as logical as it was new and startling,

and a rhythmic poise (jazzmen called it "time") that made other players

sound stiff and clumsy in comparison.

His impact on musicians was tremendous. Nevertheless, Henderson didn't

feature him regularly, perhaps because he felt that the white dancers for

whom his band performed were not ready for Louis' innovations. During

his year with the band, however, Louis caused a transformation in its style

and, eventually, in the whole big band field. Henderson's chief arranger,

Don Redman, (1900-1964) grasped what Louis was doing and got some of

it on paper. After working with Louis, tenor saxophonist Coleman

Hawkins (1904-1969) developed a style for his instrument that became the

guidepost for the next decade.

While in New York, Louis also made records with Sidney Bechet, and

with Bessie Smith (1894-1937), the greatest of all blues singers. In 1925,

he returned to Chicago and began to make records under his own name

with a small group, the Hot Five. Included were his wife Lil Hardin