Реферат: The political power

6. Relyatsionistskyy approach (from Lat. Relatio – deliver), considering how power relations between individuals that allow one entity (individual or group) to change the behavior of the other. It emphasizes the role relations, the asymmetry of power relations between subject and object of power.

Through this approach selects such theories:

• Resistance (D. Kartprayt [38] J. coat, B. Reyven [284]), which analyzes the form and degree of resistance in the system of power relations;

• sharing resources (P. Blau, D. Hickson, B. Reyven), which is based on unequal power relations is the allocation of resources between ruler and subject, that power is considered as a function of the individual depends on the distribution of resources;

• distribution of zones of influence (D. Rong), which states that individuals in the system of power relations are constantly exchanging roles of power and its master object.

Investigate the different concepts of political power, proceed to the notion of the power structure.

Overall it should be noted that the Marxist concept of government interprets the latest phenomena in terms of mass struggle and states, leaving aside the person of its direction, will, activity.

Liberal and others close to them the concept, by contrast, going from personality, mental extrapolate internal features on the latest activities of political institutions and structures to obscure the systematic effect that occurs during the interaction of individuals in the process of joint action in policy.

We believe that analyzing social phenomena, it is desirable to use all methodological approaches to the specific peculiarities of the society being studied, its political culture and mentality.

The extent and strength of political and social influence of the shape and structure is largely determined by socio-economic factors. They affect the content and form of policy centers of power (the president, parliament, government), mostly indirectly, although under certain conditions, can come to the fore.

Means of political activity (such as coercion, mastering communications) related to the significant material cost-us. It is clear that under such conditions social groups that can finance a policy to maintain an organizational structure, transport, weapons, media, monopolized or at least maximize their political influence in society.

However, authorities have some autonomy, which is also limited by the following factors:

– Objective long-term interests of the ruling;

– The requirements of social balance, cohesion, modern economic and political systems and so on.;

– The scale and strength of public support, the level of resistance power of public expenditure required for forcing the adoption of certain decisions and so on.

Therefore, the task of direct government entities are:

• to ensure the rule of the ruling elite through the optimization of performance management systems and improve its efficiency;

• ensure social balance and integration as a result of coordination of interests of privileged groups in society in general to all citizens;

• predict and develop ways and forms of action.

Resources power

The term «power resources» as used in a broad and in narrow sense.

In a broader sense of power resources is all that entity (individual, group) can use to influence others.

In a narrow sense – are the means through which the impact of the subject on the object of government.

Resources governments can apply for enforcement, encouragement or persuasion. According to these methods of achieving political goals can be divided and anthropological resources such power as fear, concern, conviction.

According to the nature and sphere of influence distinguish normative, coercive and utilitarian resources (A. Ettsioni).

Legal Resources – tools influence on the psychology, values and norms of human behavior.

Forced resources – the impact of administrative measures that include forcible «persuasion» through the so-called power structures (court, police, army, etc.).

Depending on the power of life resources are divided into economic, social, cultural and information, and demographic power.

Economic resources – wealth, money, equipment, land, minerals.