Топик: Английский /11 класс/

The official name of this country is the United Kingdomof Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is divided intofour parts: England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland.The British Isles are group of islands lying off the north-west coast of the continent of Europe. England, Wales andScotland are in Great Britain, Northern Ireland is situatedin the north-easten part of Ireland. There are no highmountains, no very long rivers,no great forest in U.K. Theclimate of the British Isles is not very cold in winter andnever hot in summer. The population of the U.K. is almostfifty six million. Britain is an industrial country.A lot of things such as clothes, food, planes, cars and manyothers are made in U.K. In the U.K. there are a lot ofcattle-farms. The U.K. is a parlamentary manarchy. Great Britain is a capitalist country.

YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS OF BRITAIN.

There were numerous different youth organizations in Britain. Somewere large, and some small, some nation-wide and some local. Probablythe largest were the Boy Scouts and Girls Guides Associations and theYMCA (Young Men's Christian Association), and the YWCA (Young Women'sChristian Association) or simply "y" for short. The Boy Scouts and theGirls Guides were for scool-age teen-agers and the YMCA and the YWCAwere for scool-leavers, college students and young people who hadalready started working Boy Scouts and Girls Guides had to do one gooddeed every day, to develop themselves mentally and physically. Insummer they went camping in tents with everything done by young peoplethemselves. At the YMCA and the YWCA more attention was paid for sportand different social events, such as outing in the country, dances,debates, amateur activities, etc.

These organizations were founded in the nineteenth century.Officialy they were non-political, but in reality they aimed not tolet young people think about social and political problems in theircountry, to bring them up in the spirit of nationalizm. Boy Scouts andGirs Guides, for example, promised to be true to the king (queen) andhad to salute the British flag at their meetings.

LONDON.

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and cultural centre. It is situated on the both banks of the Thames. London is one of the largest cities in the world. It's population is more than 9 millionpeople. London was founded more then twenty centuries ago.

The East End includes the poorer districts, the industrial center, the port, the London docks. Thestreets here are narrow and dirty, the houses are poor.Working class families live here. London is famous forits wonderful places of interest such as the BritishMuseum, the Tower of London, Buckingham Palace, and manyothers.

Sightseenings of London.

The Tower of London is the most famous of allthe historical buildings in London. It stands todayalmost unchanged since first it was built in the 11thcenture. In the past the Tower of London served bothas a palace and as a state prison, but it is only amuseum today.

St Paul's Cathedral is the greatest work ofEngland's greatest architector Christopher Wren. Thecathedral was begun in 1675 . It was opened in 1697but was finished only in 1710, when Wren was almosteighy years old. There are memorials to many famousmen of England in the Cathedral.

Trafalgar Square is in the centre of the West Endof London. On the north side is the National Gallery;in the north-east corner is the National PortraitGallery, and in the centre is Nelson's Column withthe figure of the great seamen.

Trafalgar Square is the place where mass meetingsand demonstrations for peace and for working people'srights take place.

"Big Ben" is the name of the great bell whichstrikes the hour. It is in the clock Tower of theHouses of Parlament.

Westminster Abbey is the historic building inLondon to which every visitor sooner or later goes.The Abbey was founded in the 11th centure. Many ofGreat Britain's famous men are buried in WestminsterAbbey.

Piccadilli Circus is a square in the central partof London. London's best-known theatres and cinemas andmost famous restaurants are on Piccadilly Circus. Inthe square you can see people of many nationalitiesand hear a lot of different languages.

Hyde Park is the largest park in the West End ofLondon. In the 19th century it became a popular placefor public meetings.

The British Museum is one of the largest museumsin the world. It consists of the National Library andMuseum of History, Archaelogy, Art and Ethnography.

Protection of Environment.

With the development of civilization man'sinterference in nature grows up. It leads to differentnegative factors are: the pollution of water, air,soil and the destruction of the ozone layer.

This problem must be solved if we want topreserve life on our planet. This problem is globalproblem that's why all countries of the world, allpeople, young and old, must take an active part inthe protection of natural resources rationly.Factoriyes and plants must have purification systemsto preserve the purity of water, air and soil.

We must take care of plants, trees, animals,birds and fishes, especially of those that are dyingout.

We also have a Red Book where rare and dyingout plants, birds, animals are registered. Though the role of people in the solution ofecological problems has greatly increased, wecan't say that we are doing all in our power, tostop harmful processes in preserving theenvironment.

The folowing radical measures must be taken:

1. The replanting of trees that have been cutdown;

2. Nuclear tests should be stopped;

3. Purificution systems must be installed atplants and factories;

4. Natural resources should be used morerationally;

5.Rare and dying out birds, animals and plant'sshould be protected;

6.Precaution measures should be taken againstthe destruction of the ozone layer.

Sport.

Sport holds an important place in our life. When we listen tothe radio in the morning, we can always hear sport news. When weopen a newspaper, we can always find information about some gameor other or an article about our favourite kind of sports.

Television programmes about sport are also very popular, and wecan watch something interesting every day.

Sport helps people to keep in good health. Sport also makes usmore organized in our daily activities.

National game and sports competitions are popular in ourcountry. People go in for many kinds of sports. There are sportsgrounds near every school, every institute, every factory andplant. Besides there are sports clubs and sport school in everytown. Many people go there for training.

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