Топик: Сравнительные степени прилагательных и наречий (Comparison) Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs) Цепочки существительных (Атрибутивная, номинативная группа) (Chains of nouns)
bad > worse
far > farther/further
Use of Comparative Adjectives
We use comparative adjectives when talking about 2 things (not 3 or 10 or 1,000,000 things, only 2 things).
Often, the comparative adjective is followed by 'than'.
Look at these examples:
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John is 1m80. He is tall. But Chris is 1m85. He is taller than John.
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America is big. But Russia is bigger.
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I want to have a more powerful computer.
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Is French more difficult than English?
If we talk about the two planets Earth and Mars, we can compare them like this:
Earth |
Mars | ||
Diameter (km) | 12,760 | 6,790 |
Mars is smaller than Earth. |
Distance from Sun (million km) | 150 | 228 |
Mars is more distant from the Sun. |
Length of day (hours) | 24 | 25 |
A day on Mars is slightly longer than a day on Earth. |
Moons | 1 | 2 |
Mars has more moons than Earth. |
Surface temperature (°C) | 22 | -23 |
Mars is colder than Earth. |
Superlative Adjectives
Comparison is between 2 things: "A is bigger than B."
A B
But the superlative is the extreme between 3 or more things. "A is the biggest."
A B C
Formation of Superlative Adjectives
As with comparative adjectives, there are two ways to form a superlative adjective:
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short adjectives: add '-est'
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long adjectives: use 'most'
We also usually add 'the' at the beginning.
Short adjectives | |
1-syllable adjectives | old, fast |
2-syllable adjectives ending in -y | happy, easy |
Normal rule: add '-est' | old > the oldest |
Variation: if the adjective ends in -e, just add -st | late > the latest |
Variation: if the adjective ends in consonant, vowel, consonant, double the last consonant | big > the biggest |
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