Топик: The Algorithm of a Start and the Development of International Conflicts and Possible Ways of Their Solution

· struggle for power between ethnical groups at the local, regional and national level (Ulster, Kosovo, Chechnya and other national republics of Russian Federation, Afghanistan);

· economic backwardness of multiethnic countries (Africa, Asia);

· differences in language, traditions, customs, religion, cultural and political discrimination ( Ulster till 1972, Kosovo, Bask’s Land (Spain), Kathalony (Spain and France), Kurdistan (Iraq, Iran, Turkey)

The greatest centers of separatism have their own local specifics which is similar in the countries of one area. So it’s possible to mark out 6 types of separatism.

1. West - European . High social mobilization here doesn’t usually get out of the limits of «civilized» political struggle ( except Ulster and Bask’s land)

2. East- European. This type is characterized by a great number of victims and interference of other countries and organizations (NATO, UNO, EC).

3. Near -Eastern (Islamic). The opposite sides here belong to one religious and cultural basis (Islam). The typical example is the war in Kurdistan, the territory of which is now devided between 4 countries.

4. Asian. The centers of separatism here are noted for many people. For example in Indian states Jamey and Cashmere the number of victims is 37000 people, in Ceylon - more then 32000 in Philippines - 25000.

5. African. The ethnical conflicts there appeared after colonial countries had left this region. The wars in Rwanda, democratic republic Congo and in other countries became the examples of unfounded cruelty and caused the death of millions of people.

6. American. Ethnical conflicts here are not so wide spread . The most famous example is Quebec, but the struggle for independence there is only political.

Thus we can see that the start and the development of ethnical conflicts are influenced by geographical, social and economic factors. Understanding this influence can lead to making up of recommendations to prevent such problems. I’ll mention some of them.

Firstly, we should distinctly define the limits of the using of military power. This power shouldn’t be used to protect political or economic interests of some ethnical structures.

Secondly, the UNO should declare the struggle against separatism as one of the most important tasks in its activities. This struggle may include working out of international laws, economic help to multyethnical countries.

Thirdly, developed countries should assign money to stable social and economic situation in the developing states because the problem of ethnical separatism is a threat to security in the whole world.

And the last, global and especially local cooperation between different countries should be extended not only because the whole world community is able to find away out of ethnical conflicts but also because the process of world integration can make the appearance of separatism senseless.