Топик: The Algorithm of a Start and the Development of International Conflicts and Possible Ways of Their Solution

Composed by Michael Korolyov

Teacher Altynova G.A.

Ryazan, 2001

The humanity has come into the Third Millennium having lots of non - solved problems and one of the most difficult of them is the national one. It appeared not only in developing countries ( African, Asian, South - American countries) but in the civilized regions such as Western Europe, North America and in the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe, that can hardly be referred to any of these groups. Every day in world news reports we can see many examples of international conflicts. Ulster, Kosovo, Chechnya, Palestine, Macedonian - these geographical names are known by every person who watches TV or reeds newspapers and the wars there are becoming a true menace to international security. Thousands of people have already perished, millions of them have lost their homes - these are non - final results of this tragedy called separatism. What is it? What are the reasons for it? How we can stop it (if we can)? The aim of my work is to answer these questions.

I have put forward the following statement as hypothesis: the development of international conflicts is closely connected to the social and economic situation in the regions where these conflicts take place. In my work I’ll use some facts proving this connection and explain the factors that influence the increasing level of ethical contradictions.

The methods of getting the material used in my work are:

· case study

· adapting

· analysis

· making conclusions

· making comparisons

The main source of information for me was Mass Media. I used the articles from the magazine «Novoye Vremya» (1992 -2000). The articles contain facts related to different countries that have ethnical problems. I also used the book by A. B. Krylov «Separatism» ( Moscow 1990). And, of course, TV reports gave me a lot of information about present-day centers of separatism in the world.

Separatism is a political movement the aim of which is separation of a part of the territory from the whole state and creating an independent state there or annexation it to another state. It is based on the principle of national self - determination which is wrongly explained in the following way: «Each ethnical community should have its own territory recognized by other states». But the explanation fixed in the world law consists in the right of ethnosisis to participation in the wider social and political process.

The main reasons for aggravating ethnical extremism are the periods of social and economic difficulties together with enforcing of social and ethnical contradictions and low efficacy of the work of the authorities and police. We can see such situation in Yugoslavia and in the countries of the former USSR in the 1990-s, in the republics of Africa after becoming independent and so on. Such factors lead to increasing attempts to solve the conflicts with the help of power both or the side of the existing authorities and opposite communities.

Among the additional reasons are:

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