Топик: Years of UN peacekeeping efforts

13. Saddam Hussein Freezes co-operation with UN inspectors. CNN News Release. August 5, 1998;

14. Scott Ritter Testifies In Senate. CNN News Release. September 4, 1998;

15. The UN Charter;

16. The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: Field Enterprises, Inc.

17. U.S. Reacts Sternly to Iraq’s Rebuff of Inspectors. CNN News Release, December 9, 1998;

18. U.S., Britain Bombard Iraq. CNN News Release, December 16, 1998;

19. United Nations Iraq-Kuwait observation mission;

20. Wedeman Ben “Iraqis protest, but against what?”;

21. Western Forces Pound Baghdad in Second, “Stronger” Assault. CNN News Release, December 17, 1998;

Appendix A

CHARTER OF THE UN

PREAMBLE

WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINED

to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and

to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and

to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and

to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

AND FOR THESE ENDS

to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and

to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and

to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and

to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,

HAVE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMS

Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations.

Appendix B

The specialized agencies

· The International L abour Organization (ILO) formulates policies and programs to improve working conditions and employment opportunities, and defines international labour standards as guidelines for Governments;

· The Food and Agriculture Or gani zation of the UN (FAO) works to raise levels of nutrition and standards of living, to improve agricultural productivity and food security, and to better the conditions of rural populations;

· The UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) promotes education for all cultural development, protection of the world's natural and cultural heritage, press freedom and communication;

· The World Health Organization (WHO) coordinates programs aimed at solving health problems and the attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health: it works in areas such as immunization, health education and the provision of essential drugs;

· The World Bank group provides loans and technical assistance to developing countries to reduce poverty and advance sustainable economic growth;

· The International Monetary Fund (IMF) facilitates international monetary cooperation and financial stability, and provides a permanent forum for consultation, advice and assistance on financial issues;