Переведите на английский плиз БИОГРАФИЯ ИВАНА ШИШКИНА Иван Иванович Шишкин – известный русский художник (пейзажист, живописец, гравер) и академик. Родился Иван в городе Елабуга в 1832 году в купеческой семье. Первое образование...
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БИОГРАФИЯ ИВАНА ШИШКИНА
Иван Иванович Шишкин – известный русский художник (пейзажист, живописец, гравер) и академик.
Родился Иван в городе Елабуга в 1832 году в купеческой семье. Первое образование художник получил в казанской гимназии. Проучившись там четыре года, Шишкин поступил в одно из московских училищ живописи.
После окончания этого училища в 1856 году, образование продолжил в Академии Художеств Петербурга. В стенах данного заведения Шишкин получал знания до 1865 года. Кроме академического рисунка художник также оттачивал свое мастерство за пределами Академии, в различных живописных местах пригорода Санкт-Петербурга. Сейчас картины Ивана Шишкина ценятся как никогда высоко.
В 1860 году Шишкин получил важную награду – золотую медаль Академии. Художник направляется в Мюнхен. Потом – в Цюрих. Всюду занимается в мастерских самых известных художников того времени. За картину «Вид в окрестностях Дюссельдорфа» он вскоре получил звание академика.
В 1866 году Иван Шишкин возвращается в Петербург. Шишкин, путешествуя по России представлял затем свои полотна на различных выставках. Он написал очень много картин соснового леса, среди наиболее известных – «Ручей в лесу», «Утро в сосновом бору», «Сосновый лес», «Туман в сосновом лесу», «Заповедник. Сосновый бор». Также художник показывал свои картины и в Товариществе передвижных выставок. Шишкин был членом кружка аквафортистов. В 1873 году художник получил звание профессора в Академии Художеств, а после какое-то время был руководителем учебной мастерской.
ТВОРЧЕСТВО ИВАНА ИВАНОВИЧА ШИШКИНА
Раннее творчество
Для ранних работ мастера («Вид на острове Валааме», 1858, Киевский музей русского искусства; «Рубка леса», 1867, Третьяковская галерея) характерна некоторая дробность форм; придерживаясь традиционного для романтизма «кулисного» построения картины, четко размечая планы, он не достигает еще убедительного единства образа.
В таких картинах, как «Полдень. В окрестностях Москвы» (1869, там же), это единство предстает уже очевидной реальностью, прежде всего за счет тонкой композиционной и свето-воздушно-колористической координации зон неба и земли, почвы (последнюю Шишкин чувствовал особенно проникновенно, в этом отношении не имея себе равных в русском пейзажном искусстве).
Зрелость
В 1870-е гг. Иван Шишкин входил в пору безусловной творческой зрелости, о которой свидетельствуют картины «Сосновый бор. Мачтовый лес в Вятской губернии» (1872) и «Рожь» (1878; обе — Третьяковская галерея).
Обычно избегая зыбких, переходных состояний природы, художник Иван Шишкин фиксирует ее высший летний расцвет, достигая впечатляющего тонального единства именно за счет яркого, полуденного, летнего света, определяющего всю колористическую шкалу. Монументально-романтический образ Природы с большой буквы неизменно присутствует в картинах. Новые же, реалистические веяния, проступают в том проникновенном внимании, с которым выписываются приметы конкретного куска земли, уголка леса или поля, конкретного дерева.
Иван Шишкин — замечательный поэт не только почвы, но и дерева, тонко чувствующий характер каждой породы [в наиболее типических своих записях он обычно поминает не просто «лес», но лес из «осокорея, вязов и частью дубов» (дневник 1861 года) или «лес еловый, сосновый, осина, береза, липа» (из письма И. В. Волковскому, 1888)].
С особой охотой художник пишет породы самые мощные и крепкие типа дубов и сосен — в стадии зрелости, старости и, наконец, смерти в буреломе. Классические произведения Ивана Ивановича — такие, как «Рожь» или «Среди долины ровныя…» (картина названа по песне А. Ф. Мерзлякова; 1883, Киевский музей русского искусства), «Лесные дали» (1884, Третьяковская галерея) — воспринимаются как обобщенные, эпические образы России.
Художнику Ивану Шишкину одинаково удаются и далевые виды, и лесные «интерьеры» («Сосны, освещенные солнцем», 1886; «Утро в сосновом лесу» где медведи написаны К. А. Савицким, 1889; обе — там же). Самостоятельную ценность имеют его рисунки и этюды, представляющие собой детализованный дневник природной жизни.
Гость
Ответ(ы) на вопрос:
ГостьIvan Ivanovich Shishkin is a famous Russian artist (landscape painter, painter, engraver) and academician.Ivan was born in the city of Yelabuga in 1832 in a merchant family. The artist received his first education in the Kazan Gymnasium. After studying there for four years, Shishkin entered a Moscow school of painting.After graduating from this school in 1856, he continued his education at the Academy of Fine Arts of St. Petersburg. Within the walls of this institution Shishkin received knowledge until 1865. In addition to the academic drawing, the artist also honed his skills outside the Academy, in various picturesque places of the suburbs of St. Petersburg. Now the paintings of Ivan Shishkin are valued as high as ever.
In 1860, Shishkin received an important award - the Academy's gold medal. The artist goes to Munich. Then - in Zurich. Everywhere he works in the workshops of the most famous artists of the time. For the painting "View in the vicinity of Dusseldorf" he soon received the title of academician.In 1866, Ivan Shishkin returned to St. Petersburg. Shishkin, traveling in Russia, then presented his paintings at various exhibitions. He painted a lot of pictures of a pine forest, among the most famous are "Creek in the Forest", "Morning in the Pine Forest", "Pine Forest", "Fog in the Pine Forest", "Nature Reserve. Pinery". Also, the artist showed his paintings in the Association of traveling exhibitions. Shishkin was a member of a circle of aquafortists. In 1873, the artist received the title of professor at the Academy of Fine Arts, and after some time was the head of the training workshop.THE CREATIVITY OF IVAN IVANOVICH SHISHKINEarly CreativityFor the early works of the master ("View on the Island of Valaam", 1858, the Kiev Museum of Russian Art, "Felling Forest", 1867, the Tretyakov Gallery) is characterized by some fractional forms; Adhering to the traditional "romanticism" of the "backstage" construction of the picture, clearly marking out the plans, he does not yet achieve a convincing unity of the image.
In such films as "Noon. In the vicinity of Moscow "(1869, ibid.), This unity appears already an obvious reality, primarily due to the subtle compositional and light-air-color coordination of the zones of sky and earth, the soil (the latter Shishkin felt particularly penetrating, in this respect not having himself Equal in the Russian landscape art).MaturityIn the 1870s. Ivan Shishkin was at the time of unconditional creative maturity, which is evidenced by the paintings "Pine Forest. Mastwood in the Vyatka province "(1872) and" Rye "(1878, both - the Tretyakov Gallery).
Usually avoiding unsteady, transitional states of nature, the artist Ivan Shishkin fixes its highest summer flowering, achieving an impressive tonal unity precisely at the expense of bright, midday, summer light, which determines the entire color scale. Monumental-romantic image of Nature with a capital letter is invariably present in the pictures. New, realistic trends, appear in that penetrating attention with which signs of a specific piece of land, a corner of a forest or field, a particular tree, are written out.
Ivan Shishkin is a wonderful poet not only of soil, but also of wood, which subtly senses the character of each breed [in his most typical records, he usually mentions not just a "forest" but a forest of "sedge, elms and some oaks" (diary of 1861) or "Spruce, pine, aspen, birch, lime tree" (from a letter to IV Volkovsky, 1888)].
With special enthusiasm the artist writes breeds the most powerful and strong type of oaks and pines - in the stage of maturity, old age and, finally, death in the windbreak. Classical works of Ivan Ivanovich - such as "Rye" or "Among the valley of the flat ..." (the painting is named after the song by AF Merzlyakov, 1883, the Kiev Museum of Russian Art), "Lesnye dali" (1884, Tretyakov Gallery) - are perceived as Generalized, epic images of Russia.
Artist Ivan Shishkin equally work out both kinds of views, and forest "interiors" ("Pine trees illuminated by the sun", 1886, "Morning in the Pine Forest" where bears were written by KA Savitsky, 1889, both in the same place). His drawings and sketches, which are a detailed diary of natural life, have independent value.
ГостьIvan Ivanovich Shishkin is a famous Russian artist (landscape painter, painter, engraver) and academician.
Ivan was born in the city of Yelabuga in 1832 in a merchant family. The artist received his first education in the Kazan Gymnasium. After studying there for four years, Shishkin entered a Moscow school of painting.
After graduating from this school in 1856, he continued his education at the Academy of Fine Arts of St. Petersburg. Within the walls of this institution Shishkin received knowledge until 1865. In addition to the academic drawing, the artist also honed his skills outside the Academy, in various picturesque places of the suburbs of St. Petersburg. Now the paintings of Ivan Shishkin are valued as high as ever.
In 1860, Shishkin received an important award - the Academy's gold medal. The artist goes to Munich. Then - in Zurich. Everywhere he works in the workshops of the most famous artists of the time. For the painting "View in the vicinity of Dusseldorf" he soon received the title of academician.
In 1866, Ivan Shishkin returned to St. Petersburg. Shishkin, traveling in Russia, then presented his paintings at various exhibitions. He painted a lot of pictures of a pine forest, among the most famous are "Creek in the Forest", "Morning in the Pine Forest", "Pine Forest", "Fog in the Pine Forest", "Nature Reserve. Pinery". Also, the artist showed his paintings in the Association of traveling exhibitions. Shishkin was a member of a circle of aquafortists. In 1873, the artist received the title of professor at the Academy of Fine Arts, and after some time was the head of the training workshop.
THE CREATIVITY OF IVAN IVANOVICH SHISHKIN
Early Creativity
For the early works of the master ("View on the Island of Valaam", 1858, the Kiev Museum of Russian Art, "Felling Forest", 1867, the Tretyakov Gallery) is characterized by some fractional forms; Adhering to the traditional "romanticism" of the "backstage" construction of the picture, clearly marking out the plans, he does not yet achieve a convincing unity of the image.
In such films as "Noon. In the vicinity of Moscow "(1869, ibid.), This unity appears already an obvious reality, primarily due to the subtle compositional and light-air-color coordination of the zones of sky and earth, the soil (the latter Shishkin felt particularly penetrating, in this respect not having himself Equal in the Russian landscape art).
Maturity
In the 1870s. Ivan Shishkin was at the time of unconditional creative maturity, which is evidenced by the paintings "Pine Forest. Mastwood in the Vyatka province "(1872) and" Rye "(1878, both - the Tretyakov Gallery).
Usually avoiding unsteady, transitional states of nature, the artist Ivan Shishkin fixes its highest summer flowering, achieving an impressive tonal unity precisely at the expense of bright, midday, summer light, which determines the entire color scale. Monumental-romantic image of Nature with a capital letter is invariably present in the pictures. New, realistic trends, appear in that penetrating attention with which signs of a specific piece of land, a corner of a forest or field, a particular tree, are written out.
Ivan Shishkin is a wonderful poet not only of soil, but also of wood, which subtly senses the character of each breed [in his most typical records, he usually mentions not just a "forest" but a forest of "sedge, elms and some oaks" (diary of 1861) or "Spruce, pine, aspen, birch, lime tree" (from a letter to IV Volkovsky, 1888)].
With special enthusiasm the artist writes breeds the most powerful and strong type of oaks and pines - in the stage of maturity, old age and, finally, death in the windbreak. Classical works of Ivan Ivanovich - such as "Rye" or "Among the valley of the flat ..." (the painting is named after the song by AF Merzlyakov, 1883, the Kiev Museum of Russian Art), "Lesnye dali" (1884, Tretyakov Gallery) - are perceived as Generalized, epic images of Russia.
Artist Ivan Shishkin equally work out both kinds of views, and forest "interiors" ("Pine trees illuminated by the sun", 1886, "Morning in the Pine Forest" where bears were written by KA Savitsky, 1889, both in the same place). His drawings and sketches, which are a detailed diary of natural life, have independent value.
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