Сочинение про правительство великобритании на английском.

Monarch - is the head of state, the source of sovereign authority and a symbol of national unity. According to the Act of Succession in 1701 in the UK operates a system of Castile, according to which the succession to the throne died or abdicated monarch made the eldest son, and in his absence - the eldest daughter. English monarch must be a Protestant by religion and can not be married to a Catholic. Monarch in the UK represents the stability of state institutions and the unity of the nation. Its position in the power system is determined by the formula "reigns but does not govern." Formally the monarch has significant authority and has great influence on the functioning of institutions. Most of the powers of the monarch defined the concept of "royal prerogative", other powers are fixed by law.The royal prerogative - a collection of sovereign powers at common law. After 1688 the royal prerogative was perceived as limiting by law and defined by jurisprudence. Today, any of the powers of the monarch, members of the royal prerogative, may be the subject of legislative chambers if necessary. If Parliament adopts a law on the subject, refers to the royal prerogative, it is considered to be withdrawn from it since then. This is reflected in the jurisprudence.In the English constitutional law there are two main types of prerogative powers of the monarch: a) personal; b) policy.Personal prerogatives mostly limited to a number of rules to ensure the royal immunities and ownership. For example, "the monarch never dies", ie common law interregnum can not be, since the current system of succession involves the continuous functioning of the monarchy institution. Another example is a personal prerogative rule stating that "the monarch can do no wrong." In practice, this means a judicial sovereign immunity. From this, however, it does not mean that the Crown as an institution of government can not be sued in court. It is only the personal immunity of the monarch.The political prerogatives. This group is very extensive powers and is classified in the educational and scientific literature on various criteria. One of them - the powers in the field of domestic and foreign policy.In the royal prerogative of domestic policy can be summarized as follows: 1) the prerogative of the management; 2) the prerogative of the judiciary in the area; 3) the legislative prerogative.in the field of management prerogative means: a) the monarch the right to appoint and dismiss ministers; b) management of the armed forces; c) the management of the property of the Crown; g) the appointment of bishops; d) salary honorary titles; e) emergency power and authority in the field of defense.The prerogative of the judiciary in the region based on the rule of "the monarch - the source of justice." Historically, British monarchs not only appoint judges, but also took part in the trials. Today, British judges administer justice on behalf of the monarch, but are appointed in accordance with the procedure established by law. Almost judicial prerogatives consist in the presence of the monarch to pardon law. This right shall be exercised by the monarch with the active participation of the Minister of Internal Affairs.The prerogative in the legislative field is manifested in two ways. Firstly, it is the right of the monarch to convene and dissolve parliament - the legislative authority. Secondly, legislative powers are in the right signature bills received chambers of Parliament.In foreign policy, the royal prerogatives are as follows: 1) the right ad and the conclusion of peace; 2) the right to sign international treaties; 3) the right decision on the annexation and the cession of territory; 4) the right direction and accreditation of diplomatic representatives; 5) the right to the recognition of foreign states and governments.It should be borne in mind that the political powers (prerogative) monarch made on the advice and with the participation of Government Ministers. Separately, it must be said about the right to enter into international agreements. In accordance with established practice in 1924, the international treaties signed by the Heads of State, submitted to the approval of both Houses of Parliament. This rule can be seen as a constitutional agreement. Contracts economic, trade or technical nature do not require the foregoing procedure for consideration in Parliament, if they: a) do not include in their text regulations providing for the need for ratification; b) do not entail changes in British law, or taxation; c) do not affect the private rights of British subjects.The Privy Council is an advisory body to the monarch, historically occurred in the UK power system in the XIII century.

Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and above five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 315 000 square kilometers. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast respectively. The British isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called Highlands, while the south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rest - east, center and southeast - is a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis is the highest mountain. (1343 m.) There are a lot of rivers in GB, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one. The UK is one of the world’s smallest countries. The population of the country is over 87 million and about 80% of it is urban. The UK is highly developed industrial country. It’s known as one of world’s largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. The UK is constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of State is the Queen, but in practice, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties. The Liberal party is the ruling party nowadays. [ перевод ] Великобритания Соединенное королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии расположено на Британских островах. Британские острова состоят из двух больших островов, Великобритании и Ирландии, и более пяти тысяч маленьких островов. Их общая площадь - более 315 000 квадратных километров. Великобритания состоит из четырех стран: Англии, Шотландии, Уэльса и Северной Ирландии. Их столицы - Лондон, Эдинбург, Кардифф и Белфаст соответственно. Британские острова отделены от Европейского континента Северным морем и проливом Ла-Манш. Западное побережье Великобритании омывается Атлантическим океаном и Ирландским морем. Поверхность Британских островов очень разнообразна. Север Шотландии горист и называется Высокогорьем, в то время как юг, на котором находятся красивые долины и равнины, называется Среднешотландской низменностью. Север и запад Англии горист, но все остальное - восток, центр и юго-восток - является обширной равниной. Горы - не очень высоки. Бен-Невис - самая высокая гора. (1343 м) В Великобритании есть много рек, но они не очень длинные. Северн - самая длинная река, в то время как Темза самая глубокая и наиболее важная. Великобритания - одна из самых маленьких стран в мире. Население страны - более 87 миллионов человек и приблизительно 80% из них живут в городах. Великобритания высоко индустриально развитая страна. Она известна как один из самых крупных в мире производителей и экспортеров машин, электроники, ткани, самолетов и навигационного оборудования. Великобритания - конституционная монархия. По закону, глава государства - Королева, но практически, Королева правит, но не управляет. Страна управляется избранным правительством с премьер-министром во главе. Британский Парламент состоит из двух палат: Палаты лордов и Палаты общин. В Великобритании есть три главных политических партии: лейбористская, консервативная