Контрольная работа: RP/BBC English or British English as a standard language
AmE learnt /lәnt/ – BrE learned /lз:nd/,
AmE spoilt – BrE spoiled,
AmE spellt – BrE spelled,
AmE dreamed – BrE dreamt,
AmE smelt – BrE smelled, spill,
In BrE, both irregular and regular forms are current, but for some words (such as smelt and leapt) there is a strong tendency towards the irregular forms, especially by users of Received Pronunciation. In AmE, the irregular forms are never or rarely used (except for burnt and leapt).
The t endings may be encountered frequently in older American texts [14].
There are some examples of differences between British and American pronunciation:
1. RP orange / ‘ɒrɪndʒ/ - AmE /’ɑrəndʒ/.
2. RP origin /’ɒrədʒɪn/ - AmE /’ɑrədʒɪn/.
3. RP Florida /’flɒrɨdə/ - AmE /’flɑrədə/.
4. RP horrible /’hɒrɨbl/ - AmE /’hɑrəbl/.
5. RP quarrel /’kwɒrəl/ - AmE /’kwɑrəl/.
6. RP warren /’wɒrən/ - AmE /’wɑrən/.
7. RP borrow /’bɒrəʊ - AmE /’bɑroʊ/.
8. RP tomorrow /tə’mɒrəʊ/ - AmE /tə’mɑroʊ/.
9. RP sorry /’sɒri/ - AmE /’sɑri/.
10. RP sorrow /’sɒrəʊ/ - AmE /’sɑroʊ/[15].
Chapter 6. Estuary English as one of the dialects of British English
Maidment says that one of the British accents (or dialects) that has received a lot of publicity since mid 80s of the last century is Estuary English (EE) named so after the banks of the river Thames and its estuary. Some researches predict that EE is due to take over as the new standard of English, others are more cautious in their assessment of its status. They claim thatEEis an accent which incorporates a mixture of south-eastern, RP and Cockney features and which has been gaining popularity with educated speakers not only in London and in the estuary of the Thames, but in other areas due to high mobility of the population. This situation is clearly reflected in the title of J. Maidment's paper "Estuary English: Hybrid or Hype?" [Maidment: 1994].The term Estuary English was coined in 1984 by David Rosewarne, who atthat time was a post-graduate student of Applied Linguistics. He defines EEas follows "Estuary English is a variety of modified regional speech. It is a mixture of non-regional and local south-eastern pronunciation and intonation. If one imagines a continuum Received Pronunciation and London speech (Cockney) at either end, EE speak are to be found grouped in the middle ground'' [Rosewarne: 1984].Here we will summarize major phonetic characteristics of EEbased on the findings of the above mentioned scholars. According to J.C. Wells, many of the features that distinguish EEfrom RP are features it shares with Cockney. Unlike Cockney, EEis associated with standard grammar and usage. But EE agreeswith Cockney, and differs from RP, in having (perhaps variably):
1) happY-tensing- tense vowel ‘i’ at the end of happy, coffee, valley etc.
2) T glottalling finally, e.g. take i?off, qui?e nice etc.
e.g. As the climate change summit starts that position of countries like India, Brazil, Russia and, of course, China will be crucial (BBC news). /
3) L vocalization - pronouncing the ‘1’ sound in preconsonantal and final positions almost like/w/, e.g. milk, bottle, etc.;
4) Yod coalescence in stressed syllables, e.g. Tuesday, tune etc. that makes the first part of Tues- sound identical to choose or duke, reduce etc. making the second part of reduce identical to juice.
5) diphthong shift: the diphthongal vowels of face , price , goat in EE are those that would be used by Cockney speakers [Wells: 1997].
EE differs from Cockney in that it lacks:
1) H dropping/omitting (in content words), so that Cockney hand on heart becomes 'and on 'eart.
2) TH fronting, using labio-dental fricatives /f/and /f/ instead of /θ/, / ð/. This turns I think into /ai fiŋk/, and mother into/mΛvә/.