Курсовая работа: Лекико - семантический анализ лексических единиц денотативного класса Изобразительное иску

2. 1. Частеречная классификация лексических единиц.

-Существительные (139)

-Прилагательные (34)

-Глаголы (26)

-Наречия (9)

Мы можем выделить следующие особенности существительных: состоят из двух основ, либо образованы от oдной основы; наиболее часто такой основой являются слова:

-Art, например: artist (a person who creates works of art, especially paintings or drawings),artistry (the skill of an artist),art gallery (a building where paintings and other works of art are shown to the public), fine art ( forms of art, especially painting, drawing and sculpture, that are created to be beautiful rather than useful), clip art (pictures and symbols that are stored in computer programs or on websites for computer users to copy and add to their own documents), art deco (a style of art, design and architecture, popular in the 1920s and 1930s, using simple shapes, bright colours, and modern materials such as chrome and plastic), work of art (a painting, statue, etc) идругие.

-Colour, например,primary colour (one of the three colours, red, yellow and blue, that can be mixed together to make all other colours), colour wash (a mixture of paint and water, used to produce a pale, almost transparent colour), colour scheme (the way in which colours are arranged, especially in the furniture and decoration of a room) идругие.

-Paint, например, spray paint (paint that is kept in a container under pressure and that you can spray onto sth) , paint-work (the layer of paint on the surface of a door, wall, car, etc), painter (an artist who paints pictures), oil paint (a type of paint that contains oil) идругие.

Всесуществительныеявляютсянарицательными, хотявназваниядвухизнихвходятпроизводныеотименсобственных (Indian ink - a very black ink used in drawing and technical drawing, Indian red - a red colour used in art).

Кроме того, среди данных существительных можно выделить:

-Конкретныесуществительные, например, pencil (a narrow piece of wood, or a metal or plastic case, containing a black or coloured substance, used for drawing or writing), canvas (a piece of canvas used for painting on; a painting done on a piece of canvas, using oil paints), statue (a figure of a person or an animal in stone, metal, etc., usually the same size as in real life or larger), critic (a person who expresses opinions about the good and bad qualities of books, music, etc.)

-Абстрактныесуществительные, например, talent (a natural ability to do sth well), realism (the quality of being very like real life), impression (a drawing showing what a person looks like or what a place or a building will look like in the future), image (a copy of sb/sth in the form of a picture or statue).

-Одушевленныесуществительные, например, critic, painter, artist , draughtsman (a person who draws), restorer (a person whose job is to repair old buildings, works of art, etc. so that they look as they did when new) идр.

-Неодушевленныесуществительные (итакихбольшинство), например, ink(coloured liquid for writing, drawing and printing), stone (a hard solid mineral substance that is found in the ground, often used for building:), palette knife(a knife with a blade that bends easily and has a round end, used by artists and in cooking), reproduction(a thing that has been reproduced, especially a copy of a work of art ) идругие.

Глаголы данной денотативной группы по своим лексическим характеристикам тесно связаны с существительными. Они являются в большинстве своем основами для образования новых слов (например, существительных), в том числе путем конверсии , например:

-To illustrate (illustrate sth (with sth) to use pictures, photographs, diagrams, etc. in a book, etc.) – illustrator, illustration;

-To paint (paint sth (on sth) to make a picture or design using paints ) – paints, painter, oil painting;

-To portray (to show sb/sth in a picture) – portrait, portraitist, portraiture, portrayal;

-To engrave (engrave A (with B) | engrave B on A to cut words or designs on wood, stone, metal, etc.) – engraving, engraver.

Среди глаголов оказалось крайне мало глаголов с послелогами. Это такие глаголы как:

-To sit for smb/smth (to be a model for an artist or a photographer)

-To put up smth (to build sth or place sth somewhere:to put up a building / fence / memorial)

-To colour smth in (to put colour inside a particular area, shape, etc. using coloured pencils, crayons, etc )

Прилагательные в данном денотативном классе можно разделить на:

a) Качественные; этотакиеприлагательныекак: painterly (typical of artists or painting ), colourful (full of bright colours or having a lot of different colours), picture-perfect (exactly right in appearance or in the way things are done), picturesque (pretty, especially in a way that looks old-fashioned) идругие.

b) Относительные; этотакиеприлагательныекак: paint-by-numbers (of pictures) having sections with different numbers showing which colours should be used to fill them in), colour-blind (unable to see the difference between some colours, especially red and green), coloured (having a particular colour or different colours), colourless (without colour or very pale), artistic (connected with art or artists), graphical ([only before noun] connected with art or computer graphics) идругие.

С морфологической точки зрения прилагательные данного денотативного класса можно разделить на:

-Простые, например, genuine (real; exactly what it appears to be; not artificial SYN authentic), counterfeit, fake (not genuine; appearing to be sth it is not SYN counterfeit) идругие;