Реферат: Globalisation What Implications For Democratic Decision

have taken significant steps recently to improve accountability and openness in

domestic policy-making processes. The same emphasis however, has not been

placed on the development of "world domestic policy"(26) or

"global governance". Global governance can

be loosely defined as the process by which we collectively manage and govern

resources, issues, conflicts and values in a world that is increasingly a

"global neighbourhood".(27) But there is currently no "world

government". What we have is a range of unco-ordinated international

institutions ? the United Nations, the World Trade Organisation, the European

Union, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the OECD ? which

manage, set guidelines, or make rules, for better or for worse, in selected

policy areas. Some of them are currently under considerable pressure to reform.

Whatever the future institutional arrangements, democracy, transparency and

openness will need to feature alongside effectiveness as important

considerations in the development of the structures of global governance. Considerations of the

connection between democratic processes and international decisions are just

beginning to surface. The European Union ? perhaps a harbinger for global

governance ? is currently the subject of much national and inter-member debate

on the relative roles, responsibilities and accountability relationships

between the Commission, the Parliament, the Council and Member governments

(including national Parliaments).(28) As in national

decision-making processes, strategies for integrating multiple interests into

policy would also help to improve democracy at the international level.

Questions have been raised recently, even in the OECD context, as to whether

the current arrangements for consultation with labour and business(29) should

be augmented by procedures to consult with other interests such as consumer or

environmental groups. It is important that these procedures be well managed.

There is a danger ? as exists in the national context ? that pressures from

well-organised lobbies will overshadow the needs of the less vocal majority.

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