Реферат: Methods of Lexicological Analysis

Get + Adj (become) – get angry

Get + Vinf (start) – get to think

In Ukrainian:

йдедощ - іти + N явищеприроди rainfalls

йдепоїзд - іти + N неістота train runs

йдечоловік -іти + N істота man goes (walks)

йдедим - іти + N неістота it smokes

йдезима - іти + N неістота winter approaches

or;

ідезаміж marries

іденапенсію retires

ідеконем (ушахи) moves the knight

To conclude, distribution defined as the occurrence of a lexical unit relative to other lexical units can be interpreted as co-occurrence of lexical items and the two terms can be viewed as synonyms.

It follows that by the term distribution we understand the aptness of a word in one of its meanings to collocate or to co-occur with a certain group, or certain groups of words having some common semantic component.

I.5. Transformational Analysis

Transformational analysis in lexicological investigations may be defined as re-patterning of various distributional structures in order to discover difference or sameness of meaning of practically identical distributional patterns.

Word-groups of identical distributional structure when re-patterned also show that the semantic relationship between words and consequently the meaning of word-groups may be different. For example, in the word-groups consisting of a possessive pronoun followed by a noun, his car, his failure, his arrest, his goodness, etc., the relationship between his and the following nouns is in each instant different which can be demonstrated by means of transformational procedures.

· his car (pen, table) may be re-patterned into he has a car (a pen, a table) or in a more generalised form may be represented as A possesses B.

· his failure (mistake, attempt) may be represented as he failed (was mistaken, attempted) or A performs В which is impossible in the case of his car (pen, table).

· his arrest (imprisonment, embarrassment) may be re-patterned into he was arrested (imprisoned and embarrassed) or A is the goal of the action B.

· his goodness (kindness, modesty) may be represented as he is good (kind, modest) or В is the quality of A.

In Ukrainian:

Болільник - той, хтоуболіває

Зрадник - той, хто зрадив

Чайник - те, що призначено (посуд) для заварювання чаю

Спільник - той, хто діє спільно з кимсь у незаконній справі

Здирник - той, хто здирає, вимагає шляхом примусу і погроз

Супутник - той, хто йде, їде разом

Могильник - сховище чогось шкідливого, непотрібного, відпрацьованого

Намордник - те, що надівають па морду