Реферат: Networking Essay Research Paper networkingEver since the

Different types of cards are designed to accept a certain type of transmission

medium or network cable, which in turn determines the amount of information and

the speed at which that information can be sent. The NIC also contains a

transceiver, which converts the computer output signal into a signal that can be

transmitted over cable. In some instances a network interface card may also

contain a boot chip, which enables a drive-less computer to access a network.

Different cards are designed for different purposes, one type of card can be

used by a client workstation solely to connect that computer to a network, while

others are used by network servers that are specifically designed to transfer

large amounts of information. A hub is a device used to concentrate and organize

network wiring. There are two basic types of hubs, active and passive. A passive

hub is simply a device that allows wiring connections in an orderly way. It

requires no power, and does no processing or regeneration of the traffic coming

through it. Another type of hub is an active hub, which contains circuitry that

can filter, amplify and control the traffic going through it. Hubs may also

contain additional utilities, such as bridging, manageability, and repeaters.

Active hubs are based on an extension of the network repeater. It does this by

accepting network traffic on its input side, and then amplifying the signal on

its output, allowing it to travel farther. A hub is a multi-port repeater.

Physically, it appears as a box with one input port and a number of output ports

that are typically wired to end-user workstation connections, although servers

and other devices can be attached as well. Signals on any port are transmitted

to all the other ports. Although a basic hub provides a way to organize cable

wiring, it does not segment or organize network traffic in any way. Hubs are

used in the design and implementation of a coherent and easily managed network

cabling system. In a typical design, a company may run cabling from a wall plate

in each user’s cubicle to a central wiring closet on each floor of the building.

These cables, known as station drops are each connected to a port on the wiring

hub. The hubs on each floor are then connected to the network backbone, which