Реферат: Networking Essay Research Paper networkingEver since the

Networking Essay, Research Paper

networking

Ever since the days of the Pony Express, people have looked to getting

information, whether personal or business, to its intended receiver as soon as

possible. The computer has evolved as a communications super-tool, enabling

people to do just that. Networking has given individuals the power to transfer

ideas, reports, and files quickly and efficiently. Networks also grant the power

to business professionals and families to conference with voice and video from

their individual offices or homes. These abilities have made networking

invaluable to many people in many different areas; however, networking can be

limited to a small geographic region or even a single building and still have

tremendous benefits. A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network of interconnected

workstations sharing the resources of a single processor or server within a

relatively small geographic area. LANs can be found in offices, schools,

throughout whole buildings, and even dispersed throughout several buildings.

Throughout these local networks, people are able to share files of information,

communicate, and connect different departments to maximize efficiency. A LAN is

comprised of several pieces of hardware that enable connectivity of the network;

these include network interface cards, servers, bridges, repeaters, and hubs. A

LAN can be comprised of all of these parts and more, but can also be constructed

of less hardware. The hardware components of a specific network depend on the

needs of the network. A network interface card physically connects a computer to

a transmission medium used on a network and controls the flow of information

from the computer to the network. A network interface card has its own unique

hardware address that is embedded upon its manufacturing. The hardware address

is used to identify each NIC when information is being sent or received over a

network. These cards are installed directly into the expansions slots of a

computer and in the case of portable computers require a specialized device

called a network adapter. Network interface cards have ports that are used to

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