Реферат: Networking Essay Research Paper networkingEver since the

logical and physical groupings that simplifies troubleshooting and network

growth. Because of the signal boosting performed by the hub, it can also extend

the physical scope of the network. A recent innovation is the concept of the

switching hub. A switching hub basically bridges the output as well as the input

ports on the hub. With this arrangement, traffic from a port will not pass to

the hub unless it needs to access a different port than it came in on. If it

needs to pass across the hub to reach its destination, it only passes between

the two ports it needs, and is isolated from the rest of the ports. This cuts

down unnecessary traffic on all network segments attached to the hub, improving

the capacity and speed of the network. A bridge is used to interconnect two or

more similar LANs or to divide a large network into smaller more manageable

ones. Splitting of a large network with a bridge increases the efficiency of the

network and reduces the chances of an overload. A bridge is able to increase

effectiveness of two connected networks because it only passes information is

bound for the "far side" of the bridge if necessary. There are two

types of bridges, simple and learning. A simple bridge receives packets of

information and retransmits them to all ports until that packet reaches the

correct one. A learning bridge reads, stores, and learns the addresses of each

computer on the network. The learning bridge then constructs a table to

efficiently route packets to the correct port, without wasting resources sending

each packet to every port. If a packet comes through the bridge intended for a

destination not recorded on the bridging table, the bridge sends the packet out

to all ports and records the accepting destination. A repeater is a device that

extends the length of transmission media over which network information is

passed. A repeater accepts network input, amplifies the signal, and retransmits

the information. Repeaters are especially useful when a network is cabled

throughout a large building, over several floors. They are also able to filter

out interference or distortion before retransmission, but are unable to operate

efficiently when attempting to transfer huge amounts of information. A repeater