Реферат: Progressivism Movements Essay Research Paper I The

system, and the popular election of senators. 3. Teddy Roosevelt and Hiram

Johnson ran a vigorous campaign. 4. A four way election 5. Four men sought

presidency in 1912. Wilson-Democrats, Taft-Republicans, Eugene Debs-Socialist,

and Roosevelt-Bull Moose Party. 6. Wilson ran on a reform platform too, but

unlike Roosevelt, he criticized both big business and big government. 7. Wilson,

calling this policy New Freedom, promised to enforce antitrust laws without

threatening free economic competition. 8. The Democrats won over both Houses of

Congress. 9. Wilson created a Federal Trade Commission in 1914 to be sure

business complied with federal trade regulations. 10. Also in 1914 the Clayton

Antitrust Act spelled out specific activities big businesses couldn?t do in

restraint of trade-strengthening United States antitrust laws. 11. The Clayton

Antitrust Act exempted union?s activities from antitrust lawsuits unless they

led to ?irreparable injury to property.? 12. Wilson lowered tariffs and

instituted major financial reforms. 13. 1913 Wilson helped establish the Federal

Reserve System. 14. The Federal Reserve System let banks borrow money to meet

short-term demands, helping to prevent bank failures. 15. Wilson also

established the Federal Farm Loan Board (1916). 16. Wilson opposed women?s

suffrage because his platform had not approved it. 17. A Controversial

Appointment 18. Wilson nominated a progressive lawyer named Louis D. Brandeis to

the Supreme Court in 1916. 19. Named ?the peoples? lawyer? Brandeis had

fought for many public causes without pay. 20. Brandeis, being Jewish caused

many problems as well as his ?radical? approach to reform. 21. Brandeis?

appointment to the Supreme Court marked the peak of progressive reform at the

federal level. 22. Wilson was reelected in 1916. C. The Legacy of Progressive

Reform 1. A Limited View of Progress 2. The African Americans of this era felt

that progressives weren?t doing enough to concern themselves with race

relations during this time. 3. 1912 Roosevelt refused to seat the southern

African American delegates for fear of alienating white southern progressives.

4. Some supporters of women?s suffrage did so only to double the ?white