Реферат: Total Quality Management In Construction Essay Research

5.Continuous Improvement Unlike innovation, which require great resources, and no small amount of serendipity, continuous

improvement is easier to manage and utilize everyone?s talent. Japanese companies have used this idea for some time, and call this

approach kaizen. This idea fits hand in hand with team building approach. Kaizen and innovation are compared in figure 5 below. Figure

5. Improvement versus Innovation Continuous Improvement Innovation Effect long term and long lasting but undramatic. Shot term, but

dramatic. PaceTime frame Small steps.Continuous and incremental. Big steps.Intermittent and nonincremental. Change

InvolvementApproach Gradual and constant.Everybody.Collectivism, group efforts, systems approach. Abrupt and volatile.Select few

“champions.”Rugged individualism, individual ideas and efforts. Mode Maintenance and improvement. Scrap and rebuild. Spark

Conventional know-how and state of the art. Technological breakthroughs, new inventions, new theories. Practical requirements. Requires

little investment but great effort to maintain it. Requires large investment but little effort to maintain it. Effort orientationEvaluation

criteria People.Process and efforts for better results. Technology.Result for profit. Advantage Works well in slow-growth economy. Better

suited to fast-growth economy.

To reduce cost and time and increase productivity, in any industry, the focus must be projected on the process that produces the product.

Improving the process in construction, for example, reduced or may eliminate costly change orders and therefore reduced complexity and

time. Through inspection and analysis of the process, everyone shares a common learning experience and the accumulated knowledge and

understanding of the process become the basis for improving it.

Precepts of Quality Improvement ?. Quality leadership must begin with top management. ?. The most important aspect of quality is

identifying the activities within the organization that effect quality. ?. Written procedure are one of the necessary communication media

by which the management functions of directing and controlling are exercised. ?. One of the most critical activities in quality

improvement is preparing a clear, concise description of the services to be acquired. ?. The cost, time, and effort devoted to evaluating

and selecting suppliers must be commensurate with the importance of the goods and services to be procured. ?. Quality audits must

determine the adequacy of, and compliance with, established policies, procedures, instructions, specifications, codes, standard and

contractual requirements. Quality audits must also assess the effectiveness of their implementation. ?. The simple objective of most quality

audits is to gather enough reliable data through inspection, observation, and inquiry to make reasonable assessment of the quality of the

activity being audited. ?. the foundation of quality control is having timely and accurate information so that systems that are not capable

of producing consistent quality can be identified and improved. ?. An effective quality cost program can help the management team to

allocate strategic resources for improving quality and reducing costs. ?. Productivity, profit, and quality are the ultimate measure of

success of the production system.

6.Customer/Vendor Relationship The “hearing the voice of the customer” has become a key phrase in the past few years. This would seem

to be a obvious point but it?s not. After world war II, The United States was the only major country that did not have a devastated