Топик: Category of number of the noun

2. Category of Number of the Noun.

Regular – one.

Plural – more than one.

Regular Plurals:

1. Nouns ending in vowels & voiced consonants - -s(bee-bees, dog-dogs, [z])

2. Voiceless consonants - -s (book-books, [s])

3. –s,-sh,-ss,-ch,-x,-z - -es (actress-actresses, [iz])

4. –o : -es-hero-heroes. But:

-os:

a) after a vowel – bamboos, embryos, folios, kangaroos, radios, studios, zoos.

b) In proper names – Romeos, Eskimos, Filipinos.

c) In abbreviations - kilos, photos, pros(professional).

d) Also: pianos, concertos, dynamos, quartos, solos,tangos, tobaccos.

e) In other cases the spelling is -oes (tomatoes, echoes, Negroes, potatoes, vetoes, torpedoes, embargoes)

f) –oes/-os : cargo(e)s, banjo(e)s, halo(e)s

5. Consonant+y - -ies (sky-skies). But:

-ys

a) After vowels, except nouns ending –quy(day-days, soliloquy-soliloquies)

b) In proper names: the two Germanys, the Kennedys, the Gatsbys

c) In compounds: stand-bys, lay-bys.

d) Penny: pence-the British currency(денежная сумма), pennies-for individual coins.

6. –f(e)

a) –ves : wife-wives, life-lives, leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wolf-wolves, calf-calves, half-halves, loaf-loaves, self-selves, shelf-shelves.

b) –s : other nouns(proof-proofs, chief-chefs, safe-safes, cliff-cliffs, gulf-gulfs, dwarf-dwarfs, reef-reefs, grief-griefs

c) –ves/-s : scarf-scarfs/scarves, dwarf-dwarfs/dwarves, hoof-hoofs/hooves.

7. –th - -ths (mouth-mouths)

8. in abbreviations - -s(M.P.-M.P.s) But: Ms(manuscript)-MSS, p.(page)-pp., Mr-

Irregular Plurals.

1. By vowel change (Man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice, louse-lice).

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