Топик: Category of number of the noun

d) some proper nouns (Algiers, Athens, Brussels, Flanders, Marseilles, Naples, Wales, The United Nations, the United States.

e) Nouns ending –ics (classics, phonetics)

Plural invariable nouns

1. Marked

a) Names of tools…consisting 2 equal parts (bellows-мехи, binoculars, breeches-бриджи, braces-фигурные скобки, flannels-фланелевые брюки, glasses, pants-брюки, трусы, pincers-щепцы, pliers-щипчики, плоскогубцы, pyjamas, scales, scissors, shorts, spectacles-очки, suspenders-подтяжки, tights-колготки, tongs-щипцы, trousers, tweezers-пинцет)

b) Miscellaneous nouns (смешанный) (annals, antics, archives, arms, ashes, the Commons, contents, customs, customs-duty, customs-house, earnings, goods, goods train, greens, holidays, manners, minutes, outskirts, quarters, stairs, suds, surroundings, thanks, troops, wages, whereabouts, the Middle Ages)

c) Some proper nouns (the East Indies, the West Indies, the Hibrides, the Highlands, the Midlands, the Netherlands)

2. Unmarked(nouns of multitude & collective):

C: the family was large, m: the family were fond of their house.

Ways of showing partition

A piece of, a loaf of, a stick of, a bar of, a sheet of, lump, blade, block, strip, grain, pile, heap, word, item, article, fit

2. Category of Case of the noun

Shows the relation of the noun with other words in the sentence

Common case -zero inflexion

Genitive case- apostrophe s(‘s)

1. Genitive

Pronunciation:

1) [z]- after vowels & voiced consonans-negro’s, dog’s

2) [s]- after voiceless consonants-student’s

3) [iz]- after sibilants(свистящий)- prince’s, judge’s; Marx’s ideas

4) zero ending -girls’, boys’

a) with regular plural nouns (boys’)

b) greek nouns in –s (Socrates’ wife, Xerxes’(зерксис)

c) other names : 2 variants – Burns’ & Burns’s poems

Compound nouns -s joined to the final component(the editor-in chief’s office)

Group genitive(when ‘s can be joined)

1. 2 persons possess or are related to smth they have in common(mom & dad’s room, John & Mary’s car)

2. to a more extensive phrase which may even contain a clause(the Duke of Norfolk’s sister, the secretary of state’s room, the man I saw yesterday’s son)

3. to a noun(pronoun)+a pronoun group(someone else’s benefit)