Топик: Экономические отношения между Россией и Казахстаном

The cooperating in oil and gas branch explicates also through link of share development of the Kazakhstan deposits. Russia in the projects on natural resources users in region of Republic of Kazakhstan.

The large interest in relation to Kazakhstan is expressed with the large oil Russian company “Yokus” which has received a section for developments in Russia and region of Kazakhstan.

Since 2000 the electric power system of Kazakhstan works in a parallel condition from European Economic Community of Russia and grid system of the countries of Central Asia.

The parallel operation of electric power systems considerably has boosted quality of electrical power and reliability of electro supply of consumers of Kazakhstan, Central Asia and Russian Federation, and also has allowed operatively to realize surplus of electricity and transit of electrical power, it is more rational to use power powers of electrical stations. The electric power system of Kazakhstan and Russian Academy of Science, European Economic Comminity of Russia are called secure each other in case of crashes.

In the whole cooperating of Kazakhstan and Russia in fuel and energy sphere has noticeable perspectives.

The major factor of a development of the power market is the deepening of cooperating in the field of scientific researches and developments of advanced techniques in manufacture of power, electro technical equipment. Now all aspects of equipment for power stations are made in Russia. With disintegration of Union economic links between the manufacturers and consumers of a utilities, equipment considerably have worsened, that is negatively reflected in availability index of product of power complexes of the country. On this question it is expedient except of concrete measures at a level of Government.

4. Cooperating in sphere of transport and communications.

Cooperating in sphere of transport and communications one of the most perspective regions of a development of two-sided ratios between Kazakhstan and Russia. Both states in a context of a development of transport cooperating have a strategic value for each other, as, apart from a wide national transport web, occupy defining a geographical position.

Kazakhstan and Russia are closely coupled by the transport communications. In this connection, Kazakhstan is sensitive reacting to any variations under the tariffs for freight traffic on region of Russia.

One of key questions here - transportation of oil and gas through region of Russia. In the aggregate transportation of the Caspian oil and in the whole oil is one of the major sides of the Russia -Kazakhstan cooperating.

In a period from 1995 till 1999 Russia gave Kazakhstan such quota, which did not allow the Kazakhstan exporters to involve the algorithm manifold Atyrau – Samara on an apparent watts its annual channel capacity in 10,5 mln of tons of oil. And only in 1999 the algorithm manifold was loaded almost on 100 %. The agreement on magnifying of a quota at transit of oil in long-distance foreign countries at first up to 5 mln of tons (December 23, 1998) was signed, and then (February 25, 1999) up to 7,5 mln of tons. This decision initiated occurrence of the project of reconstruction and modernizing of the algorithm manifold Atyrau – Samara for magnifying of a channel capacity at first up to 12 mln of tons, then - up to 15 mln of tons.

This project, designed by transport companies of both countries - Russian “Transoil” and Kazakhstan “Kazakhoil”, is favorable to both sides. For “Transoil” the transportation of the Kazakhstan oil on the algorithm manifolds that for complete use of their powers does not suffice 20 mln tons, brings additional profit.

For Kazakhstan the magnifying of a channel capacity of the algorithm manifold Atyrau – Samaraand export of oil through Russia opens the perspective market of selling, what Europe is. On a system of oil pipelines "«Friendship" the Kazakhstan oil can act in Germany, Poland, Hungary, Slovenia, Czechia and Slovakia, where there is a stable demand for oil. Under the forecasts of the experts, by 2010 Central and East Europe will import about 80 mln of tons of oil to one year. Now more than half of volumes of imported oil in this region make delivering of the countries of CIS, primarily - from Russia (51 %). Having expanded outbound opportunities in this direction, Kazakhstan can become one of the largest suppliers of raw material in the European countries.

By share efforts of Kazakhstan and Russia is put into operation Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC). The common extent of the algorithm manifold makes 1 580 km, primal channel capacity 28 mln ton / year. Thus for reaching a maximum channel capacity 67 mln of tons of oil per one year it is necessary only to augment opportunities of pump stations.

During nearest of forty years CPC will be a stable source of the incomes for the shareholders, and also Russia and Kazakhstan. According to accounts, for a period of maintenance of the algorithm manifold in federal and regional budgets of Russia will arrive approximately 23,3 billion of US dollars as deductions and profit, Kazakhstan will receive approximately 8,2 billion of dollars.

The development of transport cooperating with Russian Federation is most actual for Kazakhstan’s for today within the framework of architecture of regional and transcontinental transit.

Regional transit. Russian Federation is one of the basic countries of shaping and assignment of transit weights; on its share it is necessary about 26 % of shaping and 20 % of assignment of weights from total amount of all transit transportations.

Transcontinental transit. In the whole transit streams in directions Southeast and East Asia Europe are evaluated approximately in 330 - 400 billion of dollars. Thus up to 20 % of these streams can pass through region of Russia and Kazakhstan.

Taking into account in the whole size commodity circulation, iron roads of the Eurasian continent and primarily Kazakhstan and Russia have real potential for partial stylus orientations transcontinental good traffic from sea on railway routes.

Экономические отношения между Казахстаном и Россией.

Русско-казахские отношения в настоящее время.

В связи с обстановкой, сложившейся после событий 11 сентября, роль России в центральной

Азии немного изменилась, также изменилась геополитика, сложившаяся в регионе за последние годы.

В этих условиях одной из важных внешних политических задач Казахстана является определение тактик и стратегии в отношениях с Россией, которые бы соответствовали современной геополитической обстановке и долгосрочным интересам нашей страны.

Центральная Азия и Каспийское море входят в регион традиционных интересов России. Этот регион всегда заключал в себя главные национальные интересы, которые, несмотря на это, в разные периоды определялись различными условиями и факторами.

Ключевые интересы России в этом регионе в настоящее время могут снизиться, благодаря следующему: Центральная Азия играет важную роль в безопасности России.

Важность этого региона для России обусловлена не нефтью, а фактором, подразумевающим под собой желание сохранить влияние на Каспийском море.

Казахский регион не интересен для Российской территории, где живут ее соотечественники. Существует три других аспекта: преобладание интереса РФ, господство, Каспийский – Центрально Азиатский регион в настоящее время. В этом регионе есть и другие интересы: торговля, космодром «Байконур», промышленные коммуникации и т.д., но сейчас, в основном, они не играют главенствующей роли.

До недавнего времени Россия обеспечивала вышеупомянутые интересы без особых усилий. Иначе говоря, все страны региона зависели и зависят от Российской Федерации. Но события, случившиеся после сентября прошедшего года, внесли довольно серьезные изменения в геополитическую ситуацию Центральной Азии и повлияли на обычную позицию сил в регионе.

Рассматривается одно из сложившихся ключевых изменений, заключающееся в разрыве в сфере традиционно-жизненных интересов России, которое ставит Центральную Азию перед необходимостью политики.

В результате к 2001 году в Центральной Азии было заключено тайное тройственное соглашение между интересами России, Китая и США.