Контрольная работа: Reculiarites of Teaching English

This is a 1979 recording with Ellison on bass guitar.

Fixed phrases with the … the (the sooner the better) and fixed expressions (do the shopping, make the bed)

· Measurement. Note the use of the in measuring expressions beginning with by.

Do you sell eggs by the kilo or by the dozen?

She drinks cough medicine by the liter. [4:7; 10:53]

1.3 The indefinite article: “a/an”

In contrast to the, an indefinite article is use when a reference cannot be regarded as uniquely identifiable from the shared knowledge of speaker. The indefinite article is commonly associated with “first mention” of an item which anaphoric the would be used in subsequent mention:

Her house was burgled and she lost a camera, a radio, and a purse – though fortunately the purse contained very little money and the camera was insured.

There is no difference in meaning between a and an. When using a/an we must always bear in mind the following facts:

1. A/an has an indefinite meaning, (the person, animal or thing referred to may be not known to the listener or reader, so a/an has the sense of any or I cannot tell you which, or it doesn’t matter which).

My brother’s going out with a French girl.

(The listener does not know which particular French girl it is.)

She lives in a nice big house.

Could you lend me a pen?

2. We can also use a/an to talk about any one member of a class.

She is a doctor.

3. We can use a/an after a copular verb or as to classify people and things to say what class, group or type they belong to.

She’s an architect.

I’m looking forward to being a grandmother.

“What’s that noise?” “I think it’s a helicopter.”

He decided to become an engineer.

He remained a bachelor all his life.

Don’t use your plate as an ashtray.

4. A/an can combine only with a singular countable noun. [2:42; 6:157]

1.4 The zero article

The use of nouns on their own without an article is so fundamental in English that we should not regard this merely as “the omission of the article”. We should think of the non-use of the article as something positive and give it a name the zero articles which is usually given the symbol O.

Basic uses of the zero article

We use the zero article before three types of nouns:

1. Plural countable nouns.