Реферат: Computer Simulation Essay Research Paper Computer Simulation

operate in a geographically dispersed mode must be portrayed as they are employed, e.g., signal nodes, radars, jammers, missile

and rocket systems, engineer obstacle systems, and individual surveillance and laser designation systems. All systems will be

portrayed using performance data appropriate to the level of classification of the exercise. (iv) Reports. The simulation must

provide feedback to the training unit by sending reports of simulated events. These reports must be formatted in a doctrinally

correct fashion and occur in a time-appropriate banner. The reports must not reveal all of ground truth but reflect that information

that the simulated unit would reasonably know given its status, time removed from the reported incident, and deployed intelligence

assets. (v) Human Factors. The simulation must portray the effects of operations on the human condition as it relates to combat

effectiveness. At a minimum, the simulation must consider unit morale and cohesion, time subject to hostile actions, availability of

religious support, unit attrition rate over time, weather, and operational tempo. (vi) Simulated Mistakes. The simulation must cause

simulated entities to “make mistakes” based on a predetermined level of training and a variable combat effectiveness determined

by human factors . The mistakes should be of two types: mistakes in actions taken and mistakes in actions reported. Mistakes in

actions taken fall along the lines of getting lost e.g., arriving at or attacking the wrong location, delivering the improper quantities of

supplies, or delivering the wrong supplies. These types of mistakes will change the ground truth of the simulation. Along with

reports that are accurate but incomplete, other reports will contain information that is different from ground truth. These mistakes

in reporting will occur when a simulated unit makes a report to the training unit that conflicts with ground truth in the simulation.

These mistaken reports will not change ground truth. The simulation must have the ability to provide the correct information if

challenged for confirmation. The level of training and combat effectiveness must change over exercise time with a corresponding

change in the number of mistakes. The senior trainer must have the capability to cause a simulated unit to make specific mistakes

during the exercise. The senior trainer must be able to easily adjust the severity and frequency of simulated mistakes during an

exercise to include being able to set the level to zero, in effect turning off the mistakes. The senior trainer and the After Action

Review systems must have access to both ground truth and mistakes data. (vii) Surrounding Units. Training units, to include

combat, combat support, and combat service support units that support maneuver brigades, must be able to interact with the

simulation without the presence of any other units. This will require the simulation to emulate forward, flank and rear units,

supported and supporting units, as well as the next higher and lower echelon units, that would normally exist on the battlefield, but

are not present for the particular training event. The simulation must be able to portray dynamic scenario and event dependent

intelligence and reports concerning the activities of these units as well as their requests for information and resources from the

training units. (viii) Multi-Level Input/Output. The simulation must be able to accommodate an exercise where different levels

(division, igade, battalion) are interacting with the simulation. Each level must be able to train using the simulation by issuing only its

normal orders and instructions to the simulation while receiving only its normal reports and data from all sources. The simulation