Реферат: Injuries In Sports Essay Research Paper Relationship

COWAT (F=11.6; P*.001); and Hopkins delayed memory (F=11.8;

P*.001). For the history of concussion main effect, significant tests

included Trails B (F=6.1; P=.002); SDMT (F=7.8; P*.001); and total

symptoms reported (F=4.6; P=.01).

To evaluate concussion group differences on the neuropsychological

tests, additional post hoc analyses were conducted using the Tukey

Honest Significant Difference test for unequal subjects.24 Table 1

presents the group means (SDs) for athletes. The group with no

history of concussion reported fewer symptoms than both the single

concussion group (P=.04) and the multiple concussion group

(P*.001) on the concussion symptom inventory. Baseline symptoms

increased as the number of concussions increased. On Trails B, the

multiple concussion group performed significantly worse at baseline

than the group with no history of concussion (P=.02) and the single

concussion group (P*.001). Baseline data also differed significantly

on the SDMT with the multiple concussion group performing worse

than both the group with no history of concussion (P=.008) and the

single concussion group (P*.001). These findings are not attributed to

preexisting group differences in terms of aptitude as the multiple

concussion group had higher SAT and ACT scores than did the group

with no history of concussion and the single concussion group. The

table presents demographic and neuropsychological test data for the

group with LD and the group without LD.

To investigate the interplay between concussion history and LD on

baseline neuropsychological test performance, a concussion history

and LD interaction term was constructed. Univariate F tests for all 10

neuropsychological variables demonstrated statistically significant

interactions for Trails B (F=4.99; P=.007) and SDMT (F=4.74;

P=.009). In both cases, athletes with a history of multiple