Реферат: Injuries In Sports Essay Research Paper Relationship

These standard scores were constructed so that baseline

performance for each group would have a mean of 100 and SD of

15.21 Group differences of one-half SD (7.5 standard score units) are

considered to reflect at least a moderate difference between the

means.22 Any deviation from 100 indicates a change in performance

relative to baseline for each group. The recovery pattern of players

who sustained concussion across different time intervals was

evaluated by standardizing all neuropsychological test results and

comparing performance of the athletes with concussion with controls’

performance within 24 hours, and at 3, 5, and 7 days postinjury.

RESULTS

Demographic Data and Concussion History

The multiuniversity sample included 393 male football players with a

mean (SD) age of 20.4 (1.7) years and 2.6 (1.3) mean (SD) years in

college. Forty-six percent of the sample was African American, 48%

European American, 4% Polynesian American, 1% Asian American,

and 1% Hispanic American. Of the 393 players, 6% (n=25) were

quarterbacks; 8% (n=33), running backs; 13% (n=52), wide receivers;

16% (n=64), offensive linemen; 6% (n=23), tight ends; 17% (n=67),

defensive backs; 16% (n=61), defensive linemen; 13% (n=48),

linebackers; and 5% (n=20), kickers.

Of the players completing the ACT examination to qualify for college

admission (n=180), the mean (SD) score was 20.0 (1.7). Of those

qualifying with the SAT (n=200), the mean (SD) score was 952.9

(149.1). College admission scores were missing for 13 individuals.

Three players in the sample reported a documented history of

diagnosed psychiatric illness (eg, bipolar disorder and major

depression). These players completed the baseline evaluation, but

were excluded from further study. No player in the sample reported a