Реферат: Subject of legal linguistics
3) The decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine concerning official interpretation of Article 10 of the Constitution of Ukraine from 14.12.1999 № 10-rp/99;
4) international instruments which define the functioning of languages in various spheres of existence of society and ratified by Ukraine (European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages of 05.11.1992, ratified by Law of 15 May 2003; Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities of 1 February 1995, ratified by Ukraine 9 December 1997 agreement on issues related to restoration of rights of deported persons, national minorities and peoples, signed on October 9, 1992 representatives of the Commonwealth of Independent States in Bishkek and ratified by Ukraine on December 17, 1993 ; Convention on the rights of persons belonging to national minorities, signed October 21, 1994 in Moscow by the Commonwealth of Independent States with the participation of Ukraine);
5) departmental documents.
The official language - a language or tradition enshrined by law, the use of mandatory in public administration and spravochynstva, civil agencies and organizations, enterprises, public institutions in education, science, culture, public relations and computer science.
About half the countries in the world are national languages. Some (such as Albania, France, Germany and Lithuania) is the only official language. In some - they are few (eg, Belarus, Belgium, Canada, Finland, Afghanistan, Paraguay, Bolivia, India, Switzerland).
In a number of countries (Iraq, Italy, Spain, Russia) there is one official language for the whole country and the state language for certain regions (eg, Tatar language in Tatarstan). Some countries like the U.S., have no official language for the whole country, but have the following for some of its regions, such as states in the U.S. Finally, in some countries the concept of national language altogether absent, for example in Australia, Luxembourg and Sweden.
Some countries (African countries) as a legacy of colonial past remain the official language and language learning (eg, French or English) that are not national languages of the population or at least the languages spoken on the majority population. In contrast, the nationalist tendencies in Ireland led to the Irish language which says the minority population is the national language and the first official language of this country. English language which speaks most people named in the Constitution of Ireland only as a second language.
Do not confuse the state language and officially recognized minority languages, which can be conducted and training that can be used in spravochynstvi. Many controversies concerning the delimitation of the "state language" and the "official language" have in Ukraine. Thus, on the one hand, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine Resolution № 10-rp/99 on December 14, 1999, identified these concepts: "When the state (official) language course language, which the state granted the legal status of mandatory means of communication in public spheres of social life . On the other hand - according to paragraph 2 of the Law of Ukraine "On ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages" № 802-IV of 15.05.2003 [1] Charter provisions applicable to such languages of national minorities of Ukraine: Belarusian, Bulgarian, Gagauz, Greek, Jewish, Crimean Tatar, Moldavian, German, Polish, Russian, Romanian, Slovak and Hungarian. These languages allowed documents and testimony in civil cases and cases of administrative violations, and if necessary take the help of an interpreter. In criminal cases is not allowed rejection of the appeal decision or public testimony on the grounds that they contained a regional language or minority language. Local or regional authorities to allow and / or encourage the publication of official documents, except the official language, regional language or minority language. They may use this language in the debate in the sessions of their representative bodies, that does not exclude the possibility of using such cases in the state language.
2. Documentary linguistics.
Documentary linguistics research object as a component of overhead is:
1. Features official-business style of language.
2. Language laws and regulations in terms of compliance are investigated.
3. Legal-linguistic interpretation (hermeneutics): the notion of linguistic interpretation of legislative texts and regulations, separation of systematic, historical, linguistic and targeted ways to interpret the content of legal norms, the specificity of the processes of perception when dealing with legal texts.
4. Linguistic examination of draft laws and regulations.
3. Legal psycholinguistics.
The object of research as an integral transmission: language abilities of human normal and in pathology, speech in an altered state of consciousness, the ratio of legal language and behavior of individuals, verbal means of influence on a person and a group of people in situations that may have legal consequences, truth and falsehood in verbal picture of the world.
4. Linguistic expert study.
Forensic Examination - an independent procedural form a new and refinement (test) the available evidence.
Consideration are: speech rights as a source of information about it; general notion avtoroznavchoyi and expert examination of speaker, the linguistic requirements for the preparation of materials for examination; possibilities of language skills for identifying and diagnosing people with her speech.
The international expert study (by Elena I. Halyashynoyu):
1) identification and diagnosis of individual speaker, regardless of the context and the language track recorded speech;
2) automated validation of the work of speech, recorded on a phonogram;
3) restoration and filtering of speech signals subjected to distortion and noise masking and other obstacles (including music, voice);
4) check stability meaningful verbal and acoustic information to the deliberate distortion or hardware speech signal;
5) authorization of written text;
6) automated procedures for determining attribution (accuracy, authenticity) of the text and identification by speech-writing work;
7) diagnosis by a speech-writing work;
8) written verification of legal translation and interpretation work.
Types of offenses, the specificity of which is that they are committed through the use of verbal activity: an attack on honor, dignity, reputation, insult, slander, calling for violent change of constitutional order, threats and extortion, according to known false information about terrorist attacks and more.