Реферат: The culture of public speaking

Lecturer novice should remember text of the speech several times during its repetition. It should try to reproduce the conditions under which performance will take place, to keep the manuscript in the hand or put a chair on a table or chair for a second, simulating the department. And, more convenient, when the manuscript is the chair or on a table, because then both hands are free and they can gesticulate.

Some exercise is not advised in the mirror. However, observations of facial expressions, gestures and body movements, this method entirely justifies itself.

During the speech (real or training) Keep your head straight and look at the imaginary audience. When should look into the manuscript, lower the eyes, but do not tilt head. After presenting some thoughts, do not forget to make a short pause.

The purpose of the training performances is that the lecturer could during lectures as much time looking at the audience, maintaining contact with them.

How to overcome anxiety

Containing anxiety when leaving the podium or get rid of it completely impossible. Anxiety caused by fear. Analyze your actions and set the cause of fear. What are you actually afraid of? If you understand what causes fear, you will find it easier to eliminate any reason.

Overcome fear and anxiety wrap in inspiration, with whom you speak on the subject of his speech. This advice is based on recent developments in psychological science. If you know the subject well, they speak with enthusiasm and inspiration that you shared with your audience [6. 260].

If you want to get rid of fear and anxiety, use every opportunity to participate in public speech, only then can you succeed.

Movement, posture, gestures, facial expressions y

During the speech, try to stay calm posture change in a few minutes after you've tired to stand so. Body position should be natural. Just try to move naturally and without bends Find natural and comfortable position for your hands.

Any gestures to complement the language and does not express anything other than what the speaker says. The right gestures – those synchronous with our language. Moreover, the scanty gesticulation speaker contributes more pleasant experience than when he too widely and many waving hands. Gestures brings lecturer with students and makes the content of his speech clearer.

Any movements, postures, gestures, facial expressions y justified only if they do not attract undue attention, or may lose the main content of the speech.

Emphasis on individual words, sentences and parts of speech

One of the major shortcomings of becoming a lecturer is that he always speaks monotonously, therefore its performance becomes very monotonous.

If the speaker wants to emphasize some thought he could do this in several ways: pause, increase or gloss, change its height upovilnenist presentation, emphasis, gestures, body language, repeat important words or sentences.

These stress means have a dual role. They help to differentiate important ideas among the less important while the revival show, make it more interesting.

Can you respond quickly?

Most of us can not always respond to unforeseen circumstances quickly and correctly at the same time. Then we can think witty response. Of course, some people are by nature more intelligent and witty than others, and they have faster response and more successful. However, reaction speed and you can learn when to perform the following two conditions:

- Constantly nurture self-confidence;

- Learn in advance to imagine different situations and find ways to correct responses.

At the time of this situation, you impress wit and ingenious person, as previously prepared [6. 271].

Speakers must feel the owner of the situation

In fact, everyone can get an audience to listen his speech. Need just be honest and treat people with respect. It depends how you within the first five minutes will be able to convince the audience in his positive attitude. However, the fact remains that the audience waiting for something more than just «talk as equals» – important, instructive things. Credulity and honesty should be read on your face always when dealing with people [1, p. 199].

Conclusions

speaking authoritative lecturer public

According to our research can make the following conclusions:

Preparation of public speaking involves passing a few basic steps. Important is a good definition of the theme and its title, the wording of the main task performance. For becoming a lecturer performance can not be successful without proper preparation – a careful selection of material and proper understanding and study of selected literature. Of course, that in preparation for lectures, papers, do you have to correctly read the entries.

All the principles of public broadcasting can be divided into two main groups who decide what and how to say in each case. The most important principle of visibility, it just promotes good abilities that word – the notion of generalized and conditional, and the image contrast – refine specific. But in his speech using the principle of visibility must not forget that no matter how useful the visibility was not that she will never replace the words.

Any speaker, especially novice lecturer necessary to know about some features of their own speech and speaker on foreign culture. It is all important is: look out to the audience, look, gesture, voice, speech, location, movements, posture, speaking rate and so on. Equally important are training before performance, knowledge on how to overcome anxiety, how to emphasize the parts of speech, how quickly and properly respond to unforeseen circumstances.