Топик: Английске тексты

• oral

• written

• non-verbal communication.

Oral communication

Speaking directly to someone in person, by telephone or via a television link is the most common form of human communication. Oral communication is instantaneous, allows great flexibility, and permits sentiment to be combined with an intellectual message without difficulty. Effective oral communication depends on a number of factors which can't always be taken for granted. These are:

• language

• the style used

• the supporting signals

Language

If a manager was asked to take charge of a group of Chinese workers he would probably expect to have a language problem since everyone knows that apparently identical words can have very different meanings to people living in different countries. If, on the other hand, the group comprised his own countrymen he would assume a shared vocabulary. And terms of ordinary words he would be right. The problem is that management includes many complicated issues which require the use of specialised words. If both parties don't share the same sense of what these words mean, the scope for misunderstanding is considerable. As a result the manager's intentions are often not fulfilled. This in turn causes him frustration and the employee confusion, and perhaps a sense of Injustice.

It is only technical or abstruse language which causes the problems; It can just easily happen with what would otherwise seem commonplace words. Any new manager has to take particular care to explain his meaning since his predecessor might well have used words in different nay. Some examples serve to illustrate the point. The interpretations are not meant to be typical-only what can happen.