Топик: Билеты по английскому для юристов

Then an hour or more of study, some TV, & by 12 p. m. I’m in bed.

Sometimes I have to stay up late, if I have some difficult task to solve.

So this is it, in a nutshell.

Not very eventful, but it’s a working day, isn’t it?

THE WORK OF THE COURT

1. In the district courts cases are heard by the judge alone or by the collegial.

2. The judge alone has the right to hear and decide the majority of civil cases and only such criminal cases punishment for which doesn't exceed 2 years of imprisonment and if the defendant does not object to such a trial.

3. The collegial consists of one judge and two people's assessors.

4. They have equal rights in deciding a case.

5. Decisions are taken by a ma­jority vote.

6. People's assessors are elected at the meetings of working people at the places of their work or residence by show of hands for a term of 5 years.

7. The President of the Russian Federation appoints all judges.

8. They are appointed for life, but if a judge misuses his authority and does not perform his duties properly, or if his conduct is unworthy of a judge, he may be discharged.

9. Any citizen of Russia who has reached the age of 25, graduated from a law higher school, whose length of legal service is not less than 5 years and who has passed the qualification exam may be appointed judge of a district court.

10. According to the Constitution judges are independent and subject only to the law.

11. They must be neutral and impartial.

12. All judges enjoy the principle of inviolability.

13. People's assessors are citizens of different professions.

14. In deciding cases they are guided by their sense of justice and life experience.

15. Their work as people's assessors is not paid.

16. They are reserved the right to keeping the permanent place of work and getting their wages there.

17. In deciding a case judges in the courts of the first instance must examine all the case evidence, interrogate the defendants, victims and witnesses, hear the experts' findings, examine all physical evidence and make pub­lic all records and other papers.

18. The sentence of the judge must be lawful, grounded and just.

Judicial system.

1. The structure of the court system in Britain is many-layered and almost incomprehensible.

2. There is no comprehensive law regulating the organization and competence of the courts.