Топик: Билеты по английскому для юристов

The East End of London is unattractive in appearance, but very important to the country's commerce.

It is situated to the east of the City.

Here, today we can see kilometers and kilometers of docks of the Port of London, and the great industrial areas that depend upon shipping.

London's docklands - so recently an isolated urban wasteland - is well on the way to being transformed into the most exciting new international water city of the 21^st century.

Westminster is the political center.

The best known streets here are Whitehall with important government offices, and Downing Street with the London residence of Prime Minister and the place where the Cabinet meets.

And here, on the embankment of the Thames, you can see Houses of Parliament.

When Parliament is sitting, the fact is confirmed by the Union Jack flying on the Victoria Tower during the day, and at night by the light in the clock tower of Big Ben.

The imposing clock tower of Big Ben stands as a symbol of London above the night-time traffic in Whitehall.

Although the world famous clock is known as Big Ben, this name is a misnomer.

Other Courts

1. Other courts are divided into:

The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.

2. Its jurisdiction is now confined to hearing appeals from the remaining colonies, and from those former British territories which have chosen to retain it as their final appeal court.

3. The judges of the Privy Council are predominantly the same Law Lords that normally sit in the House of Lords, with the addition, every now and again, of eminent judges from Commonwealth countries,

The Employment Appeal Tribunal

2. It was set up following the great increase in recent years of disputes arising from employment, especially involving unfair dismissal or discrimination.

3. The court hears appeals from industrial tribunals.

4. Every case is heard by a High Court judge and two lay members chosen for their knowledge and experience of industrial relations: trade union officials, for instance, and representatives of employers' organizations.

The Restrictive Practices Court

2. Which is of the level of the High Court, has various powers to stop or control restrictive or monopolistic practices in the supply of goods and services - for example, agreements between ostensibly competitive companies to charge a minimum price for their products, against the interests of the consumer.

Coroners' Courts.

2. Coroners, who must be qualified lawyers or doctors, have a duty to hold public inquests into any violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or in the case of a person dying suddenly without any obvious cause, or in prison or in police custody.

3. Coroners' inquests are not trials, but witnesses are called, and there is often a jury who decide on the manner of death - suicide, unlawful killing, misadventure or accident - or (where they are not sure) return an open verdict.

Tribunals.

2. Outside the normal hierarchy of the courts, flourishes a parallel structure of administrative and judicial bodies lumped together under the genera! description of tribunals.

3. Some of them have been in existence for a century or more, but they have proliferated especially in the last thirty years, since the creation of the welfare state.