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Топик: Grammar

After verbs denoting wish, such as to want, to wish, to desire. In this case only Participle II is used. The governor wants it done quick.

  • After the verbs to have & to get, only PII is used. In this case the Objective Participial Construction shows that the action expressed by the participle is performed at the request of the person denoted by the subject of the sentence: Thus I had the piano tuned means “I made someone tune the piano”. He had several bottles of wine brought. Ему принесли несколько бутылок вина. In interrogative & negative sentences the auxiliary verb to do is used: Why don’t you have your hair waved? (Почему вы не сделаете завивку?).

    The subjective Participial Construction.

    The construction in which the participle (mostly the PI) is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or to a pronoun in the nominative case, which is the subject of the sentence.

    In rendering this construction in Russian a complex sentence is generally used; the principal clause is of the type which in Russian syntax is called «неопределённо-личное предложение».

    The peculiarity of this construction is that it doesn’t serve as one part of the sentence: one of its component parts has the function of the subject, the other forms part of a compound verbal predicate:

    They were hard talking together.

    This construction is chiefly used after the verbs of sense perception:

    The horse was seen descending the hill-Видно было, как лошадь спускалась с холма.

    PARTICIPLE I

    1.Attribute (Participle I Indefinite Active & Passive).

    1. If we have a participle used as an attribute to a noun (in pre-position), the noun performs the action expressed by the –ing form.(a touching story-a story that can touch, a laughing girl-a girl who is laughing).

    2. Participle I Perfect can be used only as an adverbial modifier & never as an attribute. To express priority an attribute clause is used: The student who has shown the countries of America on the map is going to his seat.

    3. Sometimes the Participle I Indefinite denotes an action referring to no particular time: Taiga is a thick forest stretching to the south of tundra.

    2.Predicative (Participle I Indefinite Active).

    To be astonishing, to be disappointing, to be exciting, to be humiliating (оскорбительно, унизительно), to be inviting (заманчивый), to be tempting (привлекательный), to be terrifying (ужасный), to be touching.

    3.Parenthesis.(Participle I Indefinite Active)

    Generally speaking, judging by appearance (words)(судя по внешнему виду), mildly speaking(спокойно), speaking frankly, strictly speaking, saying nothing of, roughly speaking.

    4.Adverbial modifier of clause(reason) (PI Indefinite Active,

    PI Indefinite Passive;


    PI Perfect Active, PI Perfect Passive).

    Not knowing the topic well, he got confused.


    Being impressed by the duel scene in ”Hamlet”, they were silent on the way home.

    Having lost the book, the students couldn’t prepare for the topic.

    Having been left alone, the child felt miserable & lonely

    5.Adverbial modifier of comparison.

    PI Indefinite Act

    She shivered with fright as if realizing the danger.

    6.Adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances(manner)

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