Топик: Grammar

She was walking along the street. She walking is a complex Subject expressed by the subjective participial construction in which PI Ind Act is in predicate relation to the pronoun she in the nominative case(to the noun in the common case) which is the Subject of the sentence.



The functions of participle II in the sentence.

  1. Attribute

PII of transitive verbs corresponds to the Russian страдательное причастие or действительное причастие of some verbs ending in –ся a broken chair (сломанный стул), a newspaper published in Moscow (газета, издаваемая в Москве). PII can be used in post-position & in pre-position (without any accompanying words). He answered through the locked door. (Он ответил через открытую дверь). They turned into the large conservatory beautifully lit up with Chinese lamps. (Они свернули в небольшую оранжерею, красиво освещённую китайскими фонариками)

PII of intransitive verbs, which denote passing into a new state, corresponds to the Russian действительное причастие or to an adjective. Only in few cases PII of an intransitive verb may be used attributively, mostly PII of the verbs to fade(увядать), to wither(искушать, губить),to retire, to fall/ to vanish(исчезать). Faded leaves (увядшие листья).

An attribute expressed by the PII may be detached (отделён); in this case it often has an additional meaning of an adverbial modifier: The housekeeper had come out of her room, attracted by the violent ringing of the ball. (Экономка вышла из своей комнаты, привлечённая неистовым звоном колокольчика.)

Adverbial modifier.

  1. Of time


  1. Condition


  1. Comparison


  1. Concession (уступка)


PII preceded by the conjunctions when, while, if, as thought, etc.

When guestonied Annie had implied vaguely…that she was anxious about her brother-in-law. (Когда Энни стали расспрашивать, она дала понять, что беспокоится о своём шурине).

It was a dreadful thing that he now proposed, a breach of the law which, if discovered, would bring them into the police court. То, что он предлагал, было ужасно: это было нарушение закона, и, если бы оно открылось, их отдали бы под суд.

As if torn with inner conflict & indecision, he cried.Он плакал, словно его мучили внутренняя борьба и сомнения.

Her spirit, though crushed, wasn’t broken-хотя она и не была подавлена, но не была сломлена.


Predicative

In spite of himself, he was impressed. На него это произвело впечатление, помимо его воли.

Part of a complex object

She has found me unaltered; but I have found her changed. Она нашла, что я ничуть не изменился, а я нашёл, что она изменилась.


Subject

  1. It’s always easy to

  2. It’s hard to

  3. It’s important to

  4. It gives him pleasure to

  5. It’s dangerous to

  6. It’s wise of him to

  7. It does people a lot of good to

  8. It won’t do you any harm to

  9. It has become his habit to

  10. It surprised me to

  11. It made me feel awkward to

  12. It was natural to



Part of a compound verbal modal predicate.


Part of a compound verbal aspect (вид) predicate.

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