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1.Christopher Columbus was born between August 26 and October 31, 1451,genueskoy Republic — Spanish Explorer Columbus was the first fairly well-known travelers crossed the Atlantic ocean in the subtropical and tropical zone of the Northern hemisphere and the first of the Europeans went to the Caribbean. He discovered and initiated the study of South and Central America. 2.The first permanent English settlement in North America was founded in 1607 on the future of Virginia. The settlers were looking for gold. In 1620, considerably North, the harsh shores of Cape cod, the ship "Mayflower" ("may flower") has landed a group of 102 puritans (the pilgrim fathers - the wandering pilgrims) fleeing religious persecution. Then on this place was built the city of New Plymouth, marked the beginning of the colonies of New England. The life they were not good: the Preconditions of war for independence,was issued a law forbidding to build in the colonies rolling mills and ground workshops. Foreign trade of the colonies also faced harassment.laws were enacted to navigation on which the goods were allowed to import and export from the American colonies only in British courts.Appearance in 1607 the first English colony Virginia Antarctica was opened on 16 (28) January 1820, a Russian expedition led by Thaddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev. 3.There were 13 colonies.British colonies in North America, which in 1776 was signed the Declaration of independence and officially declared non-recognition of British authorities. The result of these steps was the creation of the United States of America and the War for the independence of the United States. 4. Colonies fast-growing, striving for economic and political independence, the metropolis continued to see them as only sources of raw materials and huge profits, and not equal partners. In 1763, Britain banned, for example, an independent resettlement on land seized from France in the West; the settlers could obtain manufactured goods only from England, at prices set by England, and sell raw materials only to England.They fought against the old banking system and dreamed of a completely different economic model. 5. They were farmers, they worked hard.The English king was the king of New England and other colonies. 6. New York,Chicago. 7. One dollar equals 100 cents.Dollars or pesos,Nickel (5 cents), dime (dual Nickel), Baldin dollar (hence the word "bucks").A dime is 10 cents, quarter dollar, 25 cents (a quarter). 8. In San Francisco, CA. It all started like this: Levi Strauss in 1850 emigrated from Bavaria to the American West to seek his fortune and brought with him only a white canvas sail cloth, which wanted to sell to the manufacturers.. This is unusually durable fabric was produced in Nimes. Originally denim was Indigo blue, dyed fabric in Genoa, and English pronunciation of that city got a new name of the fabric "Gina". However, the miners in California were primarily needed strong pants, so he began to sew and opened the firm's first in Sacramento and then in San Francisco. The prospectors "the pants of Levi", as they called them, were relished. Durable, impervious to dust and dirt, easy otstiryvaniya, they were irreplaceable. Simple farmers also valued them highly. By 1860, Levi has established his company and began to sew work clothes. Davis to reinforce seams and pockets on the pants, which he were made of rough canvas for miners and prospectors. In 1872, Davis wrote a letter to the person who supplied him with canvas, was none other than Levi Strauss. In the letter, Davis offered jointly patent the idea of using rivets in work clothes. The fact that the Davis lacked the $ 68 needed to fill papers. Jacob Davis moved to California and took over production of "pantaloons", or "waist overalls" (as jeans were called then) , in the firm of Levi Strauss & Co. Rough trousers gradually became the famous 501-th model. Over time, began a second life jeans. They have presented a challenge to traditions - not only the clothes of previous generations, but also bourgeois world, entering in casual clothes, the clothes of the women and children. It was a classic example of aiesecs in Vogue, when men and women began to dress alike. The world was colored in Indigo. Jeans not filmed the whole day - they became a symbol of comfort and freedom.