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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of the Island of Great Britain and the northern part of the Island of Ireland (the southern part of which is the Republic of Eire) and a number of small islands especially to the west of Scotland. The country is usually called simply Great Britain.
The Island of Great Britain is divided into three parts – England, Wales and Scotland. England and Wales form the southern part of the island and Scotland occupies its northern part.
From the west Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, from the east by the stormy North Sea and the southern coast is washed by the English Channel(which separates Great Britain from the continent), the narrower part of which being called the Strait of Dover. It is quite close to the continent, being only 22 miles wide.
Being comparatively small Britain is known for a variety of scenery found on such a small area. One can find here both a low-lying land and hilly areas, flat fields as well as lofty mountains. The surface of Eastern England is flat. Scotland and Wales are hilly and mountainous. The mountains are not very high as compared with those of the world, the loftiest one – Ben Nevis (Scotland) being only 4400 feet (1343 m) in height.
In the west we can see the Cambrian Mountains occupying the greater part of Wales; in the north – the Cheviot Hills separating England from Scotland; the Pennines – to the south of the Cheviot Hills and Cumbrian Mountains famous for the number and beauty of their lakes. There are sixteen lakes here, the largest being Windermere. This part of the country, called the Lake District, is the most beautiful and the wettest part of Great Britain.
There are many rivers in Britain, but none of them being very long as compared with the greatest rivers of the world. Many of the rivers have been connected with each other by means of canals.
The principal rivers are the Severn, the Thames and the Trent. The Severn is the longest river in Britain but the Thames is the most important one. The Severn is 210 miles in length, the Thames is a little over 200 miles. The Thames is rather wide and deep. Its current being slow, it is quite suitable for navigation. Large vessels can get as far as London Bridge – 50 miles from the sea.
The seas surrounding the British Isles are shallow – usually less than 300 feet deep. The shallowness is in some way an advantage. Shallow water is warmer than deep water and helps to keep the shores from extreme cold. It is too the home of plenty of fish, a million tons of which are caught every year.
Perhaps you have also noticed on the map that the coast-line being irregular contains numerous harbours serving as convenient ports, among which are London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Portsmouth and others. It is also an interesting fact that no part of the country is more than seventy miles from the sea.
